зима
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Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Pronunciation
Noun
зи́ма • (zíma) f (relational adjective зи́мен)
Declension
Declension of зи́ма
Coordinate terms
| Seasons in Bulgarian · сезо́ни (sezóni) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| про́лет (prólet, “spring”) | ля́то (ljáto, “summer”) | е́сен (ésen, “autumn”) | зи́ма (zíma, “winter”) |
Derived terms
- зи́ме (zíme)
- зи́мник (zímnik)
- зимнина́ (zimniná)
- зимо́рничав (zimórničav)
- зимоустойчи́в (zimoustojčív)
- зиму́вам impf (zimúvam)
- зимъ́с (zimǎ́s)
- зимъ́ска (zimǎ́ska)
- по́дзим (pódzim)
- по́дзиме (pódzime)
- презиму́вам impf (prezimúvam)
References
- “зима”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “зима”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “зима”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, pages 640-641
Macedonian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Noun
зима • (zima) f (plural зими, relational adjective зимски or зимен, augmentative зимиште)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | зима (zima) | зими (zimi) |
| definite unspecified | зимата (zimata) | зимите (zimite) |
| definite proximal | зимава (zimava) | зимиве (zimive) |
| definite distal | зимана (zimana) | зимине (zimine) |
| vocative | зимо (zimo) | зими (zimi) |
Coordinate terms
| Seasons in Macedonian · годишни времиња (godišni vreminja) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| пролет (prolet, “spring”) | лето (leto, “summer”) | есен (esen, “autumn”) | зима (zima, “winter”) |
Derived terms
- зимнина f (zimnina)
- зимница f (zimnica)
- зиморка f (zimorka)
- зиморлив (zimorliv)
- зиморливо (zimorlivo)
- зиморливост f (zimorlivost)
- зиморничав (zimorničav)
- зиморничаво (zimorničavo)
- зиморничавост f (zimorničavost)
- зимурлав (zimurlav)
- назимниче n (nazimniče)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
зима • (zima) third-singular present, impf (perfective земе)
- (transitive, nonstandard) to take
- (transitive, nonstandard) to get
Conjugation
Conjugation of зима (imperfective, present in -а)
| l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | зимал | — | adjectival participle | зиман | ||
| feminine | зимала | — | adverbial participle | зимајќи | ||
| neuter | зимало | — | verbal noun | зимање | ||
| plural | зимале | — | perfect participle | зимано | ||
| present | imperfect | aorist | imperative | |||
| 1st singular | зимам | зимав | — | — | ||
| 2nd singular | зимаш | зимаше | — | зимај | ||
| 3rd singular | зима | зимаше | — | — | ||
| 1st plural | зимаме | зимавме | — | — | ||
| 2nd plural | зимате | зимавте | — | зимајте | ||
| 3rd plural | зимаат | зимаа | — | — | ||
| Compound tenses | ||||||
| perfect | сум зимал | present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-perfect | имам зимано | present of има + perfect participle | ||||
| pluperfect | бев зимал | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-pluperfect | имав зимано | imperfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
| има-perfect reported | сум имал зимано | perfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future | ќе зимам | ќе + present | ||||
| има-future | ќе имам зимано | future of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future in the past | ќе зимав | ќе + imperfect | ||||
| има-future in the past | ќе имав зимано | future in the past of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future reported | ќе сум зимал | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-future reported | ќе сум имал зимано | future reported of има + perfect participle | ||||
| conditional | би зимал | би + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-conditional | би имал зимано | conditional of има + perfect participle | ||||
Synonyms
- зема (zema)
References
- “зима” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) − drmj.eu
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
- Glagolitic: ⰸⰹⰿⰰ (zima)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Noun
зима • (zima) f
Declension
Declension of зима (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | зима zima |
зимѣ zimě |
зимꙑ zimy |
| genitive | зимꙑ zimy |
зимоу zimu |
зимъ zimŭ |
| dative | зимѣ zimě |
зимама zimama |
зимамъ zimamŭ |
| accusative | зимѫ zimǫ |
зимѣ zimě |
зимꙑ zimy |
| instrumental | зимоѭ zimojǫ |
зимама zimama |
зимами zimami |
| locative | зимѣ zimě |
зимоу zimu |
зимахъ zimaxŭ |
| vocative | зимо zimo |
зимѣ zimě |
зимꙑ zimy |
Old East Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *zimà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: зи‧ма
Noun
зима (zima) f
Declension
Declension of зима (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | зима zima |
зимѣ zimě |
зимꙑ zimy |
| Genitive | зимꙑ zimy |
зиму zimu |
зимъ zimŭ |
| Dative | зимѣ zimě |
зимама zimama |
зимамъ zimamŭ |
| Accusative | зимѫ zimǫ |
зимѣ zimě |
зимꙑ zimy |
| Instrumental | зимоѭ zimojǫ |
зимама zimama |
зимами zimami |
| Locative | зимѣ zimě |
зиму zimu |
зимахъ zimaxŭ |
| Vocative | зимо zimo |
зимѣ zimě |
зимꙑ zimy |
Descendants
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “зима”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 978
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic зима (zima), from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Pronunciation
Noun
зима́ • (zimá) f inan (genitive зимы́, nominative plural зи́мы, genitive plural зим, relational adjective зи́мний)
Declension
Derived terms
- зи́мний (zímnij)
- осенне-зи́мний (osenne-zímnij)
- позднези́мний (pozdnezímnij)
- раннези́мний (rannezímnij)
- зи́мник m (zímnik)
- зимова́ть impf (zimovátʹ)
- зимо́вка f (zimóvka)
- зимо́вье n (zimóvʹje)
- зимого́р m anim (zimogór)
- зимосто́йкий (zimostójkij), зимосто́йкость f (zimostójkostʹ)
- ози́мый (ozímyj)
- первози́мье n (pervozímʹje)
- предзи́мье n (predzímʹje)
- Phrases
- вулкани́ческая зима́ f (vulkaníčeskaja zimá)
- зи́мнее солнцестоя́ние n (zímneje solncestojánije)
- метеори́тная зима́ f (meteorítnaja zimá)
- я́дерная зима́ f (jádernaja zimá)
- Proverbs
- гото́вь са́ни ле́том, а теле́гу зимо́й (gotóvʹ sáni létom, a telégu zimój)
Related terms
- Borrowed
- гиберна́ция f (gibernácija)
- химе́ра f anim (ximéra)
See also
| Seasons in Russian · время года (vremja goda) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| весна́ (vesná, “spring”) | ле́то (léto, “summer”) | о́сень (ósenʹ, “autumn”) | зима́ (zimá, “winter”) |
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зима”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зима”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 325
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Pronunciation
Noun
зи́ма f (Latin spelling zíma)
Declension
Declension of зима
See also
| Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| spring: proleće, proljeće пролеће, прољеће |
summer: leto, ljeto лето, љето |
autumn: jesen јесен |
winter: zima зима |
References
- “зима”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.
Pronunciation
Noun
зима́ • (zymá) f inan (genitive зими́, nominative plural зими́, genitive plural зим)
Declension
Declension of зима́ (inan hard fem-form accent-b)
See also
| Seasons in Ukrainian · пори року (pory roku) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| весна (vesna, “spring”) | літо (lito, “summer”) | осінь (osinʹ, “autumn”) | зима (zyma, “winter”) |
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “зима”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “зима”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)