каня
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Червена каня
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *kaňa, probably of onomatopoeic origin akin to Bulgarian ча́йка (čájka, “seagull”). Compare English hen, French canard (“drake”), all from Proto-Indo-European *kan- (“to sing”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ка́ня • (kánja) f
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | ка́ня kánja |
ка́ни káni |
| definite | ка́нята kánjata |
ка́ните kánite |
| vocative form | ка́ньо kánjo |
ка́ни káni |
Derived terms
References
- “каня¹”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “каня (същ.)”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “каня²”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 212
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *kaniti. Cognate with Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”), Serbo-Croatian ка́нити (“to intend”), Slovene kanīti/kániti (“to agitate”).
Pronunciation
Verb
ка́ня • (kánja) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to invite, to incite
- (reflexive with се) to intend
- Synonym: възнамеря́вам (vǎznamerjávam)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ка́ня (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ка́нещ kánešt |
ка́нил, кани́л1 kánil, kaníl1 |
ка́нел kánel |
ка́нен kánen |
ка́нейки kánejki | |
| definite subject form | ка́нещият káneštijat |
ка́нилият, кани́лият1 kánilijat, kanílijat1 |
— | ка́неният kánenijat | |||
| definite object form | ка́нещия káneštija |
ка́нилия, кани́лия1 kánilija, kanílija1 |
— | ка́нения kánenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ка́неща kánešta |
ка́нила, кани́ла1 kánila, kaníla1 |
ка́нела kánela |
ка́нена kánena | ||
| definite | ка́нещата káneštata |
ка́нилата, кани́лата1 kánilata, kanílata1 |
— | ка́нената kánenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ка́нещо kánešto |
ка́нило, кани́ло1 kánilo, kanílo1 |
ка́нело kánelo |
ка́нено káneno |
ка́нене kánene | |
| definite | ка́нещото káneštoto |
ка́нилото, кани́лото1 kániloto, kaníloto1 |
— | ка́неното kánenoto |
ка́ненето káneneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ка́нещи kánešti |
ка́нили, кани́ли1 kánili, kaníli1 |
ка́нели káneli |
ка́нени káneni |
ка́нения, ка́ненета kánenija, káneneta | |
| definite | ка́нещите káneštite |
ка́нилите, кани́лите1 kánilite, kanílite1 |
— | ка́нените kánenite |
ка́ненията, ка́ненетата kánenijata, kánenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ка́ня kánja |
ка́ниш kániš |
ка́ни káni |
ка́ним kánim |
ка́ните kánite |
ка́нят kánjat | |
| imperfect | ка́нех káneh |
ка́неше káneše |
ка́неше káneše |
ка́нехме kánehme |
ка́нехте kánehte |
ка́неха káneha | |
| aorist | ка́них, кани́х1 kánih, kaníh1 |
ка́ни, кани́1 káni, kaní1 |
ка́ни, кани́1 káni, kaní1 |
ка́нихме, кани́хме1 kánihme, kaníhme1 |
ка́нихте, кани́хте1 kánihte, kaníhte1 |
ка́ниха, кани́ха1 kániha, kaníha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ка́нел m, ка́нела f, ка́нело n, or ка́нели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ка́нел m, ка́нела f, ка́нело n, or ка́нели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ка́нел m, ка́нела f, ка́нело n, or ка́нели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ка́нил/кани́л1 m, ка́нила/кани́ла1 f, ка́нило/кани́ло1 n, or ка́нили/кани́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| кани́ kaní |
кане́те kanéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- дока́ня pf (dokánja), дока́нвам impf (dokánvam, “to incite”) (dialectal)
- зака́ня се pf (zakánja se), зака́нвам се impf (zakánvam se, “to get about to”)
- изка́ня pf (izkánja), изка́нвам impf (izkánvam, “to prompt, to exhort”)
- ка́на (kána, “urge, invitation”) (obsolete)
- кани́лка (kanílka, “invitation for wedding ceremony”) (folklore custom)
- кани́тба (kanítba, “invitation”)
- кани́тел (kanítel), кана́ч (kanáč), каната́р (kanatár, “prompter, inviter”) (dialectal)
- нака́ня се pf (nakánja se), нака́нвам се impf (nakánvam se, “to get motivation”)
- подка́ня pf (podkánja), подка́нвам impf (podkánvam, “to urge”)
- пока́ня pf (pokánja), пока́нвам impf (pokánvam, “to send invitation”)
- прика́ня pf (prikánja), прика́нвам impf (prikánvam, “to urge, to motivate”)
Related terms
- ка́я (kája, “to prompt, to instigate (suffering, regret)”) (obsolete)
- ка́я се (kája se, “to repent, to regret, to lament”)
References
- “каня”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “каня (гл.)”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “каня¹”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 211