Inherited from Proto-Slavic *liti.
ли́я • (líja) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ли́на)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | ли́ещ líešt |
лил lil |
ли́ел líel |
лит lit |
ли́ейки líejki | |
definite subject form | ли́ещият líeštijat |
ли́лият lílijat |
— | ли́тият lítijat | |||
definite object form | ли́ещия líeštija |
ли́лия lílija |
— | ли́тия lítija | |||
feminine | indefinite | ли́еща líešta |
ли́ла líla |
ли́ела líela |
ли́та líta | ||
definite | ли́ещата líeštata |
ли́лата lílata |
— | ли́тата lítata | |||
neuter | indefinite | ли́ещо líešto |
ли́ло lílo |
ли́ело líelo |
ли́то líto |
ли́ене líene | |
definite | ли́ещото líeštoto |
ли́лото líloto |
— | ли́тото lítoto |
ли́енето líeneto | ||
plural | indefinite | ли́ещи líešti |
ли́ли líli |
ли́ели líeli |
ли́ти líti |
ли́ения, ли́енета líenija, líeneta | |
definite | ли́ещите líeštite |
ли́лите lílite |
— | ли́тите lítite |
ли́енията, ли́енетата líenijata, líenetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | ли́я líja |
ли́еш líeš |
ли́е líe |
ли́ем líem |
ли́ете líete |
ли́ят líjat | |
imperfect | ли́ех líeh |
ли́еше líeše |
ли́еше líeše |
ли́ехме líehme |
ли́ехте líehte |
ли́еха líeha | |
aorist | лих lih |
ли li |
ли li |
ли́хме líhme |
ли́хте líhte |
ли́ха líha | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
лий lij |
ли́йте líjte |
лия • (lija)
From Proto-Mordvinic *lijä (*lijə), possibly from Pre-Mordvinic *lika~*līka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic (compare Latvian lieks (“too much, extra, unnecessary”), Lithuanian liẽkas (“odd, extra, too much”)). Despite the similarity between the Mordvinic word and Finnish liika (“too much; odd”) with cognates in all other Finnic languages, the etymological dictionaries have not considered the Finnic and Mordvinic words as etymological cognates.[1]
Veršinin considers this term evidently connected with иля (ilä, “other, different”), the latter being the original form, the root и- (i-) is of the same origin as исень (iseń, “of yesterday ”) and ичкозе (ičkoze, “far”), э- (e-) in Erzya эзк (ezk, “close, next to”), эське (eśke, “last time”), he compares -э- (-e-) in Tundra Nenets (ŋeli, “other, different”), (ŋelimź, “to become different”), Udmurt иськан (iśkan, “close female friend, close relative”) and Eastern Mari (в)е- ((v)je-) in вес(е) (ves(je), “other”) (where в- (v-) might be a secondary development.) In relation to the last ones, he also compares Proto-Turkic (eš, “friend”).
In the Erzya word иля (iľa, “don't ”) Veršinin sees shifting of meaning from "that (one)" → "not (that one)," where the и- (i-) originally has been a demonstrative component, the same as in the Moksha term.[2]
лия́ • (lijä́)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | лия (lijä) | лият (lijät) |
genitive | лиянь (lijäń) | — |
dative | лиянди (lijändi) | — |
ablative | лияда (lijäda) | — |
inessive | лияса (lijäsa) | — |
elative | лияста (lijästa) | — |
illative | лияс (lijäs) | — |
prolative | лиява (lijäva) | — |
comparative | лияшка (lijäška) | — |
translative | лиякс (lijäks) | — |
abessive | лияфтома (lijäftoma) | — |
causative | лиянкса (lijänksa) | — |