на

на • (na)

1. bee

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: на (one syllable)

на • (na)

1. (directed at a horse) giddyup, gee up, move on!, go faster!

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: на

на • (na)

1. on (denotes a place or an object on the surface of which movement or action is directed)
2. to (denotes a place, object or person towards which an action is directed or which is the end point of a movement)
3. in, on (denotes a place or an object on which someone or something is located, something is happening)

   Я падрыхтаваў твой абед і пакінуў яго на стале. ― Ja padryxtavaŭ tvoj abjed i pakinuŭ jahó na stalje. ― I prepared your lunch and left it on the table.

• “на”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)

From Proto-Slavic *na.

• (stressed) IPA^(key):

• Audio (stressed):

  (file)

• (unstressed) IPA^(key):

на • (na)

1. used to express possession, of, 's

   София е столицата на България.

   Sofija e stolicata na Bǎlgarija.

   Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria.

   къщата на баща ми

   kǎštata na bašta mi

   my father's house

2. used to indicate the indirect object, to (or it's not translated)

   Дай го на Петър.

   Daj go na Petǎr.

   Give it to Peter.

   Дай на Петър една книга.

   Daj na Petǎr edna kniga.

   Give Peter a book.

3. used with nouns formed from intransitive verbs to indicate the subject of the action, of

   пристигането на гостите

   pristiganeto na gostite

   the arrival of the guests

   избухването на войната

   izbuhvaneto na vojnata

   the outbreak of the war

4. used with nouns formed from transitive verbs to indicate the direct object of the action, of

   четенето на книгата

   četeneto na knigata

   the reading of the book

   изобретяването на компютъра

   izobretjavaneto na kompjutǎra

   the invention of the computer

5. used with some verbs such as уча, мириша, etc. to give a description of the action

   Дъхът му миришеше на чесън.

   Dǎhǎt mu mirišeše na česǎn.

   His breath smelt of garlic.

   Опитът ни на бежанци ни научи на много ценни уроци.

   Opitǎt ni na bežanci ni nauči na mnogo cenni uroci.

   Our experience as refugees taught us many valuable lessons.

6. positioned at the upper surface of, within the limits of, on, on, at, in

   Книгата е на масата.

   Knigata e na masata.

   The book is on the table.

   на двора ― na dvora ― in the yard

   на море ― na more ― at the seaside

   на планина ― na planina ― in the mountain

   на сватба ― na svatba ― at a wedding

   на север ― na sever ― in the north

   на улицата ― na ulicata ― in the street

   на училище съм ― na učilište sǎm ― to be at school

   седя на масата ― sedja na masata ― to sit at the table

7. used to show direction, to, on

   Отивам на плажа.

   Otivam na plaža.

   I'm going to the beach.

   на ляво/дясно ― na ljavo/djasno ― on the left/right

8. used to indicate destination, in the direction of, and arriving at, on, to, for

   отивам на училище ― otivam na učilište ― to go to school

   отивам на работа ― otivam na rabota ― to go to work

   отивам на почивка ― otivam na počivka ― to go on a holiday

   отивам на разходка ― otivam na razhodka ― to go for a walk

   ходя на лов/риба/ски/покупки ― hodja na lov/riba/ski/pokupki ― to go hunting/fishing/skiing/shopping

9. used to introduce a noun phrase that describes the verb, or if it is a linking verb, to describe the subject of the verb

   Времето е на дъжд.

   Vremeto e na dǎžd.

   It looks like rain.

   Вятърът духа на пролет.

   Vjatǎrǎt duha na prolet.

   The wind is blowing like spring is coming.

   да обичаш на инат

   da običaš na inat

   to love stubbornly

10. used to show a reason or cause, for

    Събрахме се на вечеря.

    Sǎbrahme se na večerja.

    We gathered for dinner.

    Занесох колелото си на поправка.

    Zanesoh koleloto si na popravka.

    I took my bike in for repair.

11. used with certain time expressions to show when something happens, on, at, in (or it is not translated)

    Роден на 4 юли.

    Roden na 4 juli.

    Born on 4 July.

    На следващия ден имах изпит.

    Na sledvaštija den imah izpit.

    I had an exam (on) the following day.

    На сутринта имах ужасен махмурлук.

    Na sutrinta imah užasen mahmurluk.

    I had a terrible hangover in the morning.

    на залез слънце ― na zalez slǎnce ― at sunset

    на часа ― na časa ― immediately/at once

12. used to introduce a verbal noun and to indicate that the action described by the verbal noun happens at the same time as another action, while, when

    На тръгване го погледна още веднъж.

    Na trǎgvane go pogledna ošte vednǎž.

    While she was leaving, she looked at him once more.

    На връщане минахме по по-кратък път.

    Na vrǎštane minahme po po-kratǎk pǎt.

    When we were coming back we took a shortcut.

13. used with от to indicate the period over which something happens, to

    от време на време ― ot vreme na vreme ― from time to time

    от ден на ден ― ot den na den ― from day to day

14. used to show the circumstances under which something happens, with, in

    спя на запалена лампа ― spja na zapalena lampa ― to sleep with the light on

    стоя на студено/топло ― stoja na studeno/toplo ― to stay in a cold/warm place

15. used to show age, at

    Тя е на 12 години.

    Tja e na 12 godini.

    She is 12 years old.

    Той се ожени на 28.

    Toj se oženi na 28.

    He got married at 28.

    на 20-годишна възраст

    na 20-godišna vǎzrast

    at the age of 20

16. used to indicate the distance away from something, at (or it is not translated)

    на една ръка разстояние ― na edna rǎka razstojanie ― at arm's length

    Той стоеше на няколко метра от мен.

    Toj stoeše na njakolko metra ot men.

    He was standing a few metres away from me.

17. used to indicate the quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something, by

    продавам на метър/литър ― prodavam na metǎr/litǎr ― to sell by the metre/litre

    работя на парче ― rabotja na parče ― to work by the piece

18. used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something, by

    Лесно е да обърнеш 2 на 2 матрица.

    Lesno e da obǎrneš 2 na 2 matrica.

    It is easy to invert a 2 by 2 matrix.

    Стаята беше около 4 на 6 фута.

    Stajata beše okolo 4 na 6 futa.

    The room was about 4 feet by 6 feet.

    Използвахме 10 на 20 на 30 сантиметрови тухли, за да построим станата.

    Izpolzvahme 10 na 20 na 30 santimetrovi tuhli, za da postroim stanata.

    We used 10 by 20 by 30 cm bricks to build the wall.

19. used to indicate the rate at which something happens, per, by, a

    два пъти на ден/месец/година ― dva pǎti na den/mesec/godina ― twice a day/mouth/year

    на глава ― na glava ― per capita/head

    Плащат им на час.

    Plaštat im na čas.

    They are paid by the hour.

    по пет лева на човек

    po pet leva na čovek

    for five levs each/apiece/per head

20. used to indicate the parts into which something is divided, in, into, by

    разделям на две ― razdeljam na dve ― to divide in two

    режа на парчета ― reža na parčeta ― to cut into pieces

    6 делено на 2 прави 3.

    6 deleno na 2 pravi 3.

    6 divided by 2 equals 3.

21. used to show how or in what way something is done, by, in

    Учениците пристигнаха на малки групи.

    Učenicite pristignaha na malki grupi.

    The students arrived in small groups.

    на голо ― na golo ― on one's bare skin/next to the skin

    на дело ― na delo ― in practice

    на теория ― na teorija ― in theory

    на ръка ― na rǎka ― by hand

    на дребно ― na drebno ― retail

    на едро ― na edro ― wholesale

    на кръст ― na krǎst ― crosswise

    на шега ― na šega ― for fun

22. used to indicate a change in state, to, into

    ставам на прах ― stavam na prah ― to turn into dust

    счупвам се на парчета ― sčupvam se na parčeta ― to break into pieces

    преструвам се на някого ― prestruvam se na njakogo ― to impersonate someone

    правя се на болен ― pravja se na bolen ― to feign illness

23. used to indicate an instrument

    работя на машина ― rabotja na mašina ― to run/operate a machine

    свиря на пиано ― svirja na piano ― to play (on) the piano

    гледам на карти ― gledam na karti ― to tell a fortune using cards

    гледам на кафе ― gledam na kafe ― to tell a fortune using coffee

    броя на пръсти ― broja na prǎsti ― to count on one's fingers

24. used to indicate a game

    играя на шах ― igraja na šah ― to play (at) chess

25. near, close to

    Суматранските тигри са на изчезване.

    Sumatranskite tigri sa na izčezvane.

    Sumatran tigers are near extinction.

    Припасите ни са на свършване.

    Pripasite ni sa na svǎršvane.

    Our supplies are running low.

26. used to indicate a language, a way of speaking, etc., in

    Кажи го на английски.

    Kaži go na anglijski.

    Say it in English.

    Той говореше на висок глас.

    Toj govoreše na visok glas.

    He spoke in a loud voice.

From Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key):

на • (na)

1. (informal) used when giving something to someone, here you are, take it

   На ти парите!

   Na ti parite!

   Take the money!

   На ти!

   Na ti!

   Take that!

2. (informal) used to express unexpectedness

   Говорим за Мария и на — тя насреща.

   Govorim za Marija i na — tja nasrešta.

   Speaking of Maria — here she is.

• на- (na-)

• na (Latin)

From Proto-Slavic *na.

на • (transliteration needed)

1. here you are! take it!

• IPA^(key): /ˈna/,
• Hyphenation: на

From Proto-Permic *na. Cognate with Udmurt на (na).

на • (na)

1. still, yet

Borrowed from Russian на (na).

на • (na)

1. here! there you go!

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

на • (na)

1. short form of найӧ (najö)

• Used either when preceding a postposition or when modifying a noun.

• Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 102
• L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, pages 414-415

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

на • (na)

1. on (surface)

   Парите се на масата. ― Parite se na masata. ― The money is on the table.

2. on, at (attending something)

   На концерт сум. ― Na koncert sum. ― I'm at a concert.

3. of

   Скопје е главен град на Македонија. ― Skopje e glaven grad na Makedonija. ― Skopje is the capital of Macedonia.

   Изгоре куќата на сестра ми. ― Izgore kuḱata na sestra mi. ― My sister's house burnt down.

4. to (indirect object)

   Дај му го писмово на син ти. ― Daj mu go pismovo na sin ti. ― Give this letter to your son.

на • (na)

1. (rude) here you are (handing someone something)

From Proto-Tungusic *nā, compare Manchu ᠨᠠ (na).

на (na)

1. earth
2. land

From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-. Cognates Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “on, up”).

на • (na)

1. onto, on
2. into, in

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

• IPA^(key):
• IPA^(key): (before a stressed syllable)
• IPA^(key): (when stressed)

• Audio (stressed):

  (file)

на • (na)

1. 1. onto, on

      на стол ― na stol ― onto the table

      Поста́вь/Положи́ таре́лку на стол. ― Postávʹ/Položí tarélku na stol. ― Put the plate onto the table.

      Я сел на стул. ― Ja sel na stul. ― I sat on a chair.

      Я сел на́ пол ― Ja sel ná pol ― I sat on the floor.

      Я наступи́л на что-то. ― Ja nastupíl na što-to. ― I stepped on something.

      Я наступи́л на ми́ну. ― Ja nastupíl na mínu. ― I stepped on a mine.

      Я на тебя случа́йно наступи́л, извини́. ― Ja na tebja slučájno nastupíl, izviní. ― I stepped on you accidentally, sorry.

      Я наступи́л на жва́чку. ― Ja nastupíl na žváčku. ― I stepped in chewing-gum.

      Твоё пальто́ виси́т на крючке́ на стене́. ― Tvojó palʹtó visít na krjučké na stené. ― Your coat is hung on the hook on the wall.

      Не хочу́, что́бы на меня́ пове́сили уби́йство. ― Ne xočú, štóby na menjá povésili ubíjstvo. ― I don't want the murder to be pinned on me.

   2. (places, only certain nouns) nearby, by (in the sense of near) (interchangeable with у (u), which requires the genitive case)

      Мы живём на мо́ре/реке́/о́зере, в кото́ром/кото́рой/кото́ром живёт мно́го рыб.

      My živjóm na móre/reké/ózere, v kotórom/kotóroj/kotórom živjót mnógo ryb.

      We live by a sea/river/lake in which many fish live.

   3. to, toward

      на по́чту ― na póčtu ― to the post office

      Всё, я ухожу на работу. ― Vsjo, ja uxožu na rabotu. ― That's it, I'm leaving to work.

      Он дви́нулся на се́вер, зате́м обра́тно. ― On dvínulsja na séver, zatém obrátno. ― He moved north then back.

      А е́сли Герма́ния дви́нется на нас? ― A jésli Germánija dvínetsja na nas? ― What if Germany moves towards us?

      У тебя́ две мину́ты на сбо́ры. ― U tebjá dve minúty na sbóry. ― You have two minutes to pack .

      На́ша благотвори́тельная компа́ния напра́влена на улучше́ние ми́ра. ― Náša blagotvorítelʹnaja kompánija naprávlena na ulučšénije míra. ― Our charitable organisation is aimed at improving the world.

   4. to set out for (in the sense "to start an activity with the intention of finishing it"), to go for

      Не иди́ на э́того драко́на, ты его́ не смо́жешь уби́ть пока́, тебе́ на́до снача́ла тот квест вы́полнить.

      Ne idí na étovo drakóna, ty jevó ne smóžešʹ ubítʹ poká, tebé nádo snačála tot kvest výpolnitʹ.

      Don't go for that dragon, you can't kill it yet, you need to complete that other quest first.

      Ну ла́дно, я прокача́лся доста́точно, так что (пойду́) на гла́вного бо́сса сейча́с я.

      Nu ládno, ja prokačálsja dostátočno, tak što (pojdú) na glávnovo bóssa sejčás ja.

      Okay, I've levelled up enough, and now I'm for the final boss.

      Эй! Не на́до на меня́! Я же твой сою́зник.

      Ej! Ne nádo na menjá! Ja že tvoj sojúznik.

      Hey! Don't me (don't after me)! I'm your teammate.

   5. (duration, value, purpose) for

      На что? ― Na što? ― What for?

      Э́то тебе́ на уда́чу! ― Éto tebé na udáču! ― This is for you for good luck!

      Я на тебя́ 500 рубле́й поста́вил, не подведи́ меня́. ― Ja na tebjá 500 rubléj postávil, ne podvedí menjá. ― I've bet 500 roubles on you, don't let me down.

      Пода́йте на пропита́ние! ― Podájte na propitánije! ― Give to eat!

      На кого́ рабо́таешь? На Алексе́я? ― Na kovó rabótaješʹ? Na Alekséja? ― Whom do you work for? For Alexey?

   6. about, for

      Он объяви́л програ́мму на сле́дующий день. ― On obʺjavíl prográmmu na slédujuščij denʹ. ― He announced a program for the next day.

   7. (mathematics) over, by, divided by

      Шесть де́лится на три — это два. ― Šestʹ délitsja na tri — eto dva. ― Six divided by three is two.

      Пять на два не де́лится ― Pjatʹ na dva ne délitsja ― Five is not divisible by two.

   8. (time) in, for

      На сего́дня всё! ― Na sevódnja vsjo! ― That's all for today!

      На за́втра тебе тако́е зада́ние. ― Na závtra tebe takóje zadánije. ― Here is a task for tomorrow.

      Хо́чешь оста́ться тут на сего́дня? ― Xóčešʹ ostátʹsja tut na sevódnja? ― Would you like to stay here for the day (i.e. until tomorrow)?

      Придёшь на сле́дующую неделю? ― Pridjóšʹ na slédujuščuju nedelju? ― Will you come for next week (i.e. stay the whole week)?

2. 1. on, upon

      на столе́ ― na stolé ― on the table

      Сижу́ на сту́ле. ― Sižú na stúle. ― I'm sitting on a chair.

      Он (сиди́т) на герои́не. ― On (sidít) na geroíne. ― He's on heroin.

   2. (only with certain nouns) in, at

      на по́чте ― na póčte ― at the post office

      Извини́те, он сейча́с на рабо́те. ― Izviníte, on sejčás na rabóte. ― Sorry, he's at work now.

      на заво́де ― na zavóde ― at the factory

      на балко́не ― na balkóne ― in the (inside) balcony (of a theatre)

      Стра́на стои́т на краю́ бе́здны. ― Strána stoít na krajú bézdny. ― The country is at the brink of an abyss.

      на Украи́не ― na Ukraíne ― in Ukraine

   3. by (using a means of transport to get somewhere (while в is just 'to be in something'))

      Мы обы́чно на авто́бусе, и вот тепе́рь опя́ть на нём; сиди́м в нём, стои́м, иногда́ пры́гаем.

      My obýčno na avtóbuse, i vot tepérʹ opjátʹ na njom; sidím v njom, stoím, inogdá prýgajem.

      We usually go by bus, and now we're by it again; we're sitting in it, standing, sometimes jumping.

   4. runs/operates only because of someone/something; works on, runs on

      Да на нём полфи́рмы стои́т, а то и вся, не дай бог с ним что случи́тся.

      Da na njom polfírmy stoít, a to i vsja, ne daj bog s nim što slučítsja.

      Half of the company is surviving thanks to him, if not all, god forbid something happens to him.

      Их компа́ния стои́т на строи́телях, а они́ — жа́дины — сидя́т на кре́слах свои́х и при э́том получа́ют в де́сять раз бо́льше, чем трюдя́ги.

      Ix kompánija stoít na stroíteljax, a oní — žádiny — sidját na kréslax svoíx i pri étom polučájut v désjatʹ raz bólʹše, čem trjudjági.

      Their company exists because of construction workers, but they — the greedy guys — sit on their armchairs and yet earn ten times more than the sloggers.

      Да́нный компью́тер рабо́тает не на электри́честве, а на ко́ка-ко́ле.

      Dánnyj kompʹjúter rabótajet ne na elektríčestve, a na kóka-kóle.

      This computer runs not on electricity but on Coca-Cola.

   5. assigned to (a certain responsibility)

      На мне (стои́т) ку́хня, а на ней (стоя́т) де́ти, одна́ко и ку́хнею она́ поро́ю да́же занима́ется заме́сто меня́, хотя́ её того́ и не прошу́.

      Na mne (stoít) kúxnja, a na nej (stoját) déti, odnáko i kúxneju oná poróju dáže zanimájetsja zamésto menjá, xotjá jejó tovó i ne prošú.

      I do the kitchen, while she does the children, however she sometimes also does the kitchen instead of me, although I don't ask her to.

      На тебе́ дочь моя́, пока́ я ве́чером не верну́сь.

      Na tebé dočʹ mojá, poká ja véčerom ne vernúsʹ.

      My daughter is yours (your responsibility) until I come back in the evening.

   6. with, for
   7. (time) in, for

      Придёшь на сле́дующей неделе? ― Pridjóšʹ na slédujuščej nedele? ― Will you come for next week?

   8. (neologism) being dominated by a certain emotional state

      Я вся́ на не́рвах, расска́зывай, что́ у тебя́ там случи́лось.

      Ja vsjá na nérvax, rasskázyvaj, štó u tebjá tam slučílosʹ.

      I'm so freaking nervous, tell me what happened to you.

      Он и так на не́рвах по́сле вчера́шнего, не пристава́й к нему́.

      On i tak na nérvax pósle včerášnevo, ne pristaváj k nemú.

      He is already on edge after what happened yesterday, don't bug him.

   9. (neologism) accomplishing something while being dominated by a certain emotional state and primarily because of it

      Неожи́данно проигра́в три ра́за подря́д, его охватила дизмора́ль (у него́ появи́лась дизмора́ль), и на ней проигра́л и все други́е 8 раз.

      Neožídanno proigráv tri ráza podrjád, jevo oxvatila dizmorálʹ (u nevó pojavílasʹ dizmorálʹ), i na nej proigrál i vse drugíje 8 raz.

      After he had suddenly lost 3 times in a row, he got dismoral, and while being affected by it he lost all the remaining 8 times.

      По́сле тако́й до́лгой разлу́ки, мы не удержа́лись, и на ра́достях, да́же как сле́дует не приоде́вшись, сра́зу же пошли́ в ЗАГС жени́ться.

      Pósle takój dólgoj razlúki, my ne uderžálisʹ, i na rádostjax, dáže kak slédujet ne priodévšisʹ, srázu že pošlí v ZAGS ženítʹsja.

      After such a long separation, thanks to us being so happy we couldn't hold it any longer and went straight to the marriage registrar's office in order to marry, without us even having dressed up appropriately.

      Понима́ете ли, сын мой ваш но́вый телеви́зор вы́кинул в окно́ (из окна́) не специа́льно… про́сто он был на эмо́циях по́сле того́, как заста́л её, а те́лик — он про́сто пе́рвое, что ему́ подверну́лось.

      Ponimájete li, syn moj vaš nóvyj televízor výkinul v oknó (iz okná) ne speciálʹno… prósto on byl na emócijax pósle tovó, kak zastál jejó, a télik — on prósto pérvoje, što jemú podvernúlosʹ.

      You see, my son threw your new TV set out of the window unintentionally… it's just that he had such an outburst of emotions after having caught her, that he had had to do something, and the first thing that crossed his mind was your new TV set.

• на- (na-)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

на • (na)

1. here you go! (encouraging someone to accept something, used when giving or providing something, i.e., "take it!", "here you goǃ")

• на́те (náte)

• → Ingrian: na
• → Komi-Zyrian: на (na)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio:

  (file)

на (Latin spelling na)

1. to, on, onto (with change of position, answering the question kùda)

   ићи на концерт ― to go to a concert

   ставити књигу на сто(л) ― to put a book on the table

2. on, at, in (without change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)

   књига је на столу ― the book is on the table

   бити на концерту ― to be at the concert

   бити на улици ― to be in the street

3. by, for, at (in expressions with time)

   отићи некуда на пар дана ― to go somewhere for a couple of days

   на љето/лето ― next summer, the following summer

   на вр(иј)еме ― on time

   бити плаћен на сат ― to be paid by the hour

4. to indicate a source of power or energy

   подморница на атомски погон ― nuclear-powered submarine

на! (Latin spelling na!)

1. Here you are! Take it!
2. Help yourself!

Inherited from Classical Persian نی (nē), see there for more.

на • (na)

1. not
2. (informal) no

• не (ne)

• IPA^(key):

на • (na)

1. mother

From Proto-Slavic *na.

• IPA^(key):

• Audio:

  (file)

на • (na)

1. (+accusative case)
   1. onto (movement that reaches the top of an object or place, e.g., 'Land on, put on, throw on, fall on')
   2. to, toward
2. (+locative case)
   1. on (for the position/localization of an object or person, e.g. 'The book is on the table')
   2. at

на • (na)

1. here you go! take it! (encouraging someone to accept something, used when giving or providing something)

• на́те (náte)

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “на”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “на”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
• “на”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)
• “на”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

на (na)

1. not