от

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Bulgarian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *otъ.

Pronunciation

Preposition

от (ot)

  1. used to indicate movement away from a position, from, away from, out of, off
    прибирам се от работа
    pribiram se ot rabota
    to come home from work
    излизам от стаята
    izlizam ot stajata
    to go out of the room
    падам от стълба
    padam ot stǎlba
    to fall off a ladder
    ставам от масата
    stavam ot masata
    to get up from the table
    далеч от
    daleč ot
    far from
  2. used to indicate the position relative to which something is, from, on, of
    Сградата е на десет километра от епицентъра.
    Sgradata e na deset kilometra ot epicentǎra.
    The building is ten kilometres from the epicentre.
    От моята къща се вижда морето.
    Ot mojata kǎšta se vižda moreto.
    From my house the sea can be seen.
    наляво от вратата
    naljavo ot vratata
    left of the door
    от лявата ми страна
    ot ljavata mi strana
    on my left
  3. used to show separation or removal, from
    изваждам три от десет
    izvaždam tri ot deset
    to take three (away) from ten
    отстранявам от училище
    otstranjavam ot učilište
    to expel from school
  4. used to indicate a starting point in time, from, since
    Беше сляп от раждането си.
    Beše sljap ot raždaneto si.
    He was blind from birth.
    Започвам работа от понеделник.
    Započvam rabota ot ponedelnik.
    I'm starting work from Monday.
    Познавам я от миналата година.
    Poznavam ja ot minalata godina.
    I have known her since last year.
  5. used to show the group someone/something belongs to, of
    един от нас
    edin ot nas
    one of us
    трима от приятелите му
    trima ot prijatelite mu
    three of his friends
  6. used to indicate an indefinite amount of something, some (of), a part of, a piece of
    Някой беше пил от виното.
    Njakoj beše pil ot vinoto.
    Someone had drunk some of the wine.
    Яде ли от тортата?
    Jade li ot tortata?
    Did you have a piece of the cake?
  7. used to indicate the origin of someone/something, from, of
    Аз съм от България.
    Az sǎm ot Bǎlgarija.
    I'm from Bulgaria.
    Това вино идва от Франция.
    Tova vino idva ot Francija.
    This wine comes from France.
    родом от
    rodom ot
    born in/native of
    деца от първия брак
    deca ot pǎrvija brak
    children of the first marriage
    студент от университета
    student ot universiteta
    a student of/from the university
  8. used to indicate what something is made of or consists of, from, of, out of
    Сиренето се прави от мляко.
    Sireneto se pravi ot mljako.
    Cheese is made from/out of milk.
    кутия от дърво
    kutija ot dǎrvo
    a box made of wood
    тълпа от хора
    tǎlpa ot hora
    a crowd of people
    армия от просяци
    armija ot prosjaci
    an army of beggars
  9. used to show the source that provides something, from
    писмо от брат ми
    pismo ot brat mi
    a letter from my brother
    информация от очевидци
    informacija ot očevidci
    information from witnesses
    уча се от грешките си
    uča se ot greškite si
    to learn from one's mistakes
    От това, което чух, той е получил сърдечен удар.
    Ot tova, koeto čuh, toj e polučil sǎrdečen udar.
    From what I heard, he had a heart attack.
    купувам нещо от някого
    kupuvam nešto ot njakogo
    to buy something from somebody
    купувам от магазин
    kupuvam ot magazin
    to buy from/at/in a shop
    пия от чаша
    pija ot čaša
    to drink from/out of a glass
    преписвам от книга
    prepisvam ot kniga
    to copy out of a book
  10. used to show the person or thing someone/something is afraid of, ashamed of, saved from, hidden from, etc., from, of
    Страхувам се от кучета.
    Strahuvam se ot kučeta.
    I'm afraid of dogs.
    Срам ме е от това, което направих.
    Sram me e ot tova, koeto napravih.
    I'm ashamed of what I have done.
    Той беше спасен от удавяне.
    Toj beše spasen ot udavjane.
    He was saved from drowning.
    Какво криеш от мен?
    Kakvo krieš ot men?
    What are you hiding from me?
    Това лекарство лекува от много болести.
    Tova lekarstvo lekuva ot mnogo bolesti.
    This medicine cures many illnesses.
    отървавам се от някого
    otǎrvavam se ot njakogo
    to get rid of someone
  11. used when comparing or distinguishing things, to introduce the basis of comparison/distinction, than, from
    По-висок съм от нея.
    Po-visok sǎm ot neja.
    I'm taller than her.
    Мария е различна от Виктория.
    Marija e različna ot Viktorija.
    Maria is different from Victoria.
    Не мога да различа единия от другия.
    Ne moga da različa edinija ot drugija.
    I can't distinguish one from the other.
  12. used to indicate the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice, by
    Лодката беше залята от водата.
    Lodkata beše zaljata ot vodata.
    The boat was swamped by the water.
    роман от Дикенс
    roman ot Dikens
    a novel by Dickens
  13. used to show the reason for something, from, out of, with, of, through
    заспивам от умора
    zaspivam ot umora
    to fall asleep from weariness/with fatigue
    очи, зачервени от плач
    oči, začerveni ot plač
    eyes red from weeping
    умирам от болест/глад
    umiram ot bolest/glad
    to die of an illness/hunger
    треперя от студ
    treperja ot stud
    to shake with cold
    викам от яд/отчаяние
    vikam ot jad/otčajanie
    to shout in anger/despair
    питам от любопитство
    pitam ot ljubopitstvo
    to ask out of curiosity
    от нужда/завист
    ot nužda/zavist
    out of necessity/envy
    от мързел/невнимание
    ot mǎrzel/nevnimanie
    through laziness/carelessness
  14. used to show the state of somebody/something before a change, from
    Нещата станаха от лоши по-лоши.
    Neštata stanaha ot loši po-loši.
    Things have gone from bad to worse.
    превеждам от български на английски
    preveždam ot bǎlgarski na anglijski
    to translate from Bulgarian to English
    събуждам се от сън
    sǎbuždam se ot sǎn
    to wake up from sleep
  15. used to show where somebody/something was before they/it changed place, from
    вървя от град на град
    vǎrvja ot grad na grad
    to go from one town to another
  16. used to indicate the range of something, from
    от сутрин до вечер
    ot sutrin do večer
    from morning till night
    от понеделник до петък
    ot ponedelnik do petǎk
    from Monday till Friday
    от глава до пети
    ot glava do peti
    from head to toe
    Магазинът работи от 9 до 18.
    Magazinǎt raboti ot 9 do 18.
    The shop's open from 9 to 6.
  17. used to indicate the amount of time that has passed since the beginning of something, for
    Познавам я от четири години.
    Poznavam ja ot četiri godini.
    I have known her for four years.
    Не съм го виждал от известно време.
    Ne sǎm go viždal ot izvestno vreme.
    I haven't seen him for a while.

Anagrams

Dolgan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ot (grass). Cognate with Turkish ot.

Noun

от (ot)

  1. grass

Karachay-Balkar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire).

Noun

от (ot)

  1. fire

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic وت
Cyrillic от
Latin ot

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire).

Pronunciation

Noun

от (ot)

  1. fire
  2. hearth
  3. (figuratively) ardour, passion

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (grass). Cognate with Turkish ot, etc.

  1. grass

Synonyms

Khakas

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire).

Noun

от (ot)

  1. fire

Kumyk

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire).

Noun

от (ot)

  1. fire
Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (grass).

Noun

от (ot)

  1. grass
Declension

Kyrgyz

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire).

Noun

от (ot) (Arabic spelling وت)

  1. fire

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (grass).

Noun

от (ot) (Arabic spelling وت)

  1. grass

References

Nogai

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt.[1][2] Cognate to Karakalpak ot.

Noun

от (ot)

  1. fire

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot.[3][4] Cognate to Karakalpak ot.

Noun

от (ot)

  1. grass, weed

References

  1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 o:t”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 34
  2. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ōt”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  3. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “2 ot”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 34
  4. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ot”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic отъ (otŭ), from Proto-Slavic *otъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • IPA(key): (after a word ending in consonant and not before a stressed syllable, e.g., "зави́сит от того́ (zavísit ot tovó)")
  • IPA(key): (when stressed)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Note: The final becomes a before the voiced consonants б (b), г (g), д (d), ж (ž) and з (z).

Preposition

от (ot)

  1. from, away from, of, with (in the following senses):
    1. to denote the starting point of the movement of something:
      отойти́ от костра́otojtí ot kostráto move away from a fire
      оторва́ть пу́говицу от пиджака́otorvátʹ púgovicu ot pidžakáto tear a button from a jacket
      сообще́ние от бра́таsoobščénije ot brátaa message from a brother
    2. to denote a reference point in comparison with the position of something else:
      сле́ва от меня́sléva ot menjáto the left of me
      к се́веру от Москвы́k séveru ot Moskvý(to the) north of Moscow
    3. used with certain verbs to denote literal or figurative distance from the indirect object:
      отказа́ться от сде́лкиotkazátʹsja ot sdélkito reject a deal
      изба́виться от привы́чкиizbávitʹsja ot privýčkito get rid of a habit
      защища́ть от инфе́кцииzaščiščátʹ ot infékciito protect against infection
      зави́сеть от ситуа́цииzavísetʹ ot situáciito depend on the situation
    4. (with до (do)) to denote a range:
      Synonym: — (em dash, тире́) (— (em dash, tiré))
      от 1 неде́ли до 1 ме́сяцаot 1 nedéli do 1 mésjacafrom 1 week to 1 month
      от 1 до 2 миллио́нов рубле́йot 1 do 2 milliónov rubléjfrom 1 to 2 million roubles
      пронумеро́ванные от 1 до 12pronumeróvannyje ot 1 do 12numbered from 1 to 12 / 1 through 12
    5. to denote the cause or origin of some condition:
      Synonym: (partial, colloquial) с (s)
      умере́ть от разры́ва се́рдцаumerétʹ ot razrýva sérdcato die from/of heart failure
      дрожа́ть от стра́хаdrožátʹ ot stráxato tremble with fear
      расстро́иться от чьи́х-то словrasstróitʹsja ot čʹíx-to slovto get upset by/from someone's words
    6. used in a few set phrases to denote the nature of an action:
      от души́ot dušífrom the heart
      от всего́ се́рдцаot vsevó sérdcawith all one's heart
  2. from, since, of (about a time of origin)
    слепо́й от рожде́нияslepój ot roždénijablind from birth
    Synonym: с (s)
    ука́з президе́нта от 1 сентября́ukáz prezidénta ot 1 sentjabrjáthe presidential decree of 1 September
    Synonym: genitive case

Usage notes

Before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-), the variant form ото (oto) is used.

Anagrams

Shor

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire).

Noun

от (ot)

  1. fire

Southern Altai

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire). Cognate with Kazakh от (ot), Kyrgyz от (ot), Crimean Tatar ot, Kumyk от (ot), Azerbaijani od, Turkish od, Khakas от (ot), Shor от, Tuvan от (ot), Western Yugur ot, etc.

Noun

от (ot)

  1. fire

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *ot (grass). Cognate with Kazakh от (ot), Kyrgyz от (ot), Crimean Tatar ot, Kumyk от (ot), Azerbaijani ot, Turkish ot, Khakas от (ot), Shor от, Tuvan оът (òt), Western Yugur ot/ uʰt, etc.

Noun

от (ot)

  1. grass

References

N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “от”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN

Southern Yukaghir

Etymology

From Proto-Yukaghir *ət-.

Pronunciation

Particle

от (ot)

  1. Used to mark the irrealis mood.

Usage notes

  • Usually used in its affirmative form, мэт (met).

References

  • Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 6

Tuvan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (fire).

Noun

от (ot) (definite accusative отту, plural оттар)

  1. fire

Yakut

Yakut Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sah

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ot (grass). Cognate with Turkish ot and Kazakh от (ot), but a false cognate with English oat.

Noun

от (ot)

  1. grass, hay

Derived terms

See also