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Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *otъ .
Pronunciation
Preposition
от • (ot )
used to indicate movement away from a position , from , away from , out of , off
прибирам се от работа pribiram se ot rabota to come home from work
излизам от стаята izlizam ot stajata to go out of the room
падам от стълба padam ot stǎlba to fall off a ladder
ставам от масата stavam ot masata to get up from the table
used to indicate the position relative to which something is , from , on , of
Сградата е на десет километра от епицентъра. Sgradata e na deset kilometra ot epicentǎra. The building is ten kilometres from the epicentre.
От моята къща се вижда морето.Ot mojata kǎšta se vižda moreto.From my house the sea can be seen.
наляво от вратата naljavo ot vratata left of the door
от лявата ми странаot ljavata mi stranaon my left
used to show separation or removal , from
изваждам три от десет izvaždam tri ot deset to take three (away) from ten
отстранявам от училище otstranjavam ot učilište to expel from school
used to indicate a starting point in time , from , since
Беше сляп от раждането си. Beše sljap ot raždaneto si. He was blind from birth.
Започвам работа от понеделник. Započvam rabota ot ponedelnik. I'm starting work from Monday.
Познавам я от миналата година. Poznavam ja ot minalata godina. I have known her since last year.
used to show the group someone/something belongs to , of
един от нас edin ot nas one of us
трима от приятелите му trima ot prijatelite mu three of his friends
used to indicate an indefinite amount of something , some (of), a part of, a piece of
Някой беше пил от виното. Njakoj beše pil ot vinoto. Someone had drunk some of the wine.
Яде ли от тортата? Jade li ot tortata? Did you have a piece of the cake?
used to indicate the origin of someone/something , from , of
Аз съм от България. Az sǎm ot Bǎlgarija. I'm from Bulgaria.
Това вино идва от Франция. Tova vino idva ot Francija. This wine comes from France.
родом от rodom ot born in/native of
деца от първия брак deca ot pǎrvija brak children of the first marriage
студент от университета student ot universiteta a student of /from the university
used to indicate what something is made of or consists of , from , of , out of
Сиренето се прави от мляко. Sireneto se pravi ot mljako. Cheese is made from /out of milk.
кутия от дърво kutija ot dǎrvo a box made of wood
тълпа от хора tǎlpa ot hora a crowd of people
армия от просяци armija ot prosjaci an army of beggars
used to show the source that provides something , from
писмо от брат ми pismo ot brat mi a letter from my brother
информация от очевидци informacija ot očevidci information from witnesses
уча се от грешките си uča se ot greškite si to learn from one's mistakes
От това, което чух, той е получил сърдечен удар.Ot tova, koeto čuh, toj e polučil sǎrdečen udar.From what I heard, he had a heart attack.
купувам нещо от някого kupuvam nešto ot njakogo to buy something from somebody
купувам от магазин kupuvam ot magazin to buy from /at /in a shop
пия от чаша pija ot čaša to drink from /out of a glass
преписвам от книга prepisvam ot kniga to copy out of a book
used to show the person or thing someone/something is afraid of, ashamed of, saved from, hidden from, etc. , from , of
Страхувам се от кучета. Strahuvam se ot kučeta. I'm afraid of dogs.
Срам ме е от това, което направих. Sram me e ot tova, koeto napravih. I'm ashamed of what I have done.
Той беше спасен от удавяне. Toj beše spasen ot udavjane. He was saved from drowning.
Какво криеш от мен? Kakvo krieš ot men? What are you hiding from me?
Това лекарство лекува от много болести. Tova lekarstvo lekuva ot mnogo bolesti. This medicine cures many illnesses.
отървавам се от някого otǎrvavam se ot njakogo to get rid of someone
used when comparing or distinguishing things, to introduce the basis of comparison/distinction , than , from
По-висок съм от нея. Po-visok sǎm ot neja. I'm taller than her.
Мария е различна от Виктория. Marija e različna ot Viktorija. Maria is different from Victoria.
Не мога да различа единия от другия. Ne moga da različa edinija ot drugija. I can't distinguish one from the other.
used to indicate the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice , by
Лодката беше залята от водата. Lodkata beše zaljata ot vodata. The boat was swamped by the water.
роман от Дикенс roman ot Dikens a novel by Dickens
used to show the reason for something , from , out of , with , of , through
заспивам от умора zaspivam ot umora to fall asleep from weariness/with fatigue
очи, зачервени от плач oči, začerveni ot plač eyes red from weeping
умирам от болест/глад umiram ot bolest/glad to die of an illness/hunger
треперя от студ treperja ot stud to shake with cold
викам от яд/отчаяние vikam ot jad/otčajanie to shout in anger/despair
питам от любопитство pitam ot ljubopitstvo to ask out of curiosity
от нужда/завистot nužda/zavistout of necessity/envy
от мързел/невниманиеot mǎrzel/nevnimaniethrough laziness/carelessness
used to show the state of somebody/something before a change , from
Нещата станаха от лоши по-лоши. Neštata stanaha ot loši po-loši. Things have gone from bad to worse.
превеждам от български на английски preveždam ot bǎlgarski na anglijski to translate from Bulgarian to English
събуждам се от сън sǎbuždam se ot sǎn to wake up from sleep
used to show where somebody/something was before they/it changed place , from
вървя от град на град vǎrvja ot grad na grad to go from one town to another
used to indicate the range of something , from
от сутрин до вечерot sutrin do večerfrom morning till night
от понеделник до петъкot ponedelnik do petǎkfrom Monday till Friday
от глава до петиot glava do petifrom head to toe
Магазинът работи от 9 до 18. Magazinǎt raboti ot 9 do 18. The shop's open from 9 to 6.
used to indicate the amount of time that has passed since the beginning of something , for
Познавам я от четири години. Poznavam ja ot četiri godini. I have known her for four years.
Не съм го виждал от известно време. Ne sǎm go viždal ot izvestno vreme. I haven't seen him for a while.
Anagrams
Dolgan
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ot ( “ grass ” ) . Cognate with Turkish ot .
Noun
от • (ot )
grass
Karachay-Balkar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot )
fire
Kazakh
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) .
Pronunciation
Noun
от • (ot )
fire
hearth
( figuratively ) ardour , passion
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *ot ( “ grass ” ) . Cognate with Turkish ot , etc.
grass
Synonyms
Khakas
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot )
fire
Kumyk
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot )
fire
Declension
Possessive forms of от ( ot )
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *ot ( “ grass ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot )
grass
Declension
Possessive forms of от ( ot )
Kyrgyz
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot ) (Arabic spelling وت )
fire
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *ot ( “ grass ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot ) (Arabic spelling وت )
grass
References
Nogai
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *ōt .[ 1] [ 2] Cognate to Karakalpak ot .
Noun
от • (ot )
fire
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *ot .[ 3] [ 4] Cognate to Karakalpak ot .
Noun
от • (ot )
grass , weed
References
^ Clauson, Gerard (1972 ) “1 o:t”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish , Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 34
^ Starostin, Sergei , Dybo, Anna , Mudrak, Oleg (2003 ) “*ōt ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
^ Clauson, Gerard (1972 ) “2 ot”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish , Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 34
^ Starostin, Sergei , Dybo, Anna , Mudrak, Oleg (2003 ) “*ot ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic отъ ( otŭ ) , from Proto-Slavic *otъ .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) :
IPA (key ) : ( after a word ending in consonant and not before a stressed syllable, e.g., "зави́сит от того́ ( zavísit ot tovó ) " )
IPA (key ) : ( when stressed )
Note: The final becomes a before the voiced consonants б ( b ) , г ( g ) , д ( d ) , ж ( ž ) and з ( z ) .
Preposition
от • (ot )
from , away from , of , with (in the following senses ):
to denote the starting point of the movement of something:
отойти́ от костра́ ― otojtí ot kostrá ― to move away from a fire
оторва́ть пу́говицу от пиджака́ ― otorvátʹ púgovicu ot pidžaká ― to tear a button from a jacket
сообще́ние от бра́та ― soobščénije ot bráta ― a message from a brother
to denote a reference point in comparison with the position of something else:
сле́ва от меня́ ― sléva ot menjá ― to the left of me
к се́веру от Москвы́ ― k séveru ot Moskvý ― (to the) north of Moscow
used with certain verbs to denote literal or figurative distance from the indirect object:
отказа́ться от сде́лки ― otkazátʹsja ot sdélki ― to reject a deal
изба́виться от привы́чки ― izbávitʹsja ot privýčki ― to get rid of a habit
защища́ть от инфе́кции ― zaščiščátʹ ot infékcii ― to protect against infection
зави́сеть от ситуа́ции ― zavísetʹ ot situácii ― to depend on the situation
( with до ( do ) ) to denote a range:
Synonym: — (em dash, тире́) ( — (em dash, tiré) )
от 1 неде́ли до 1 ме́сяца ― ot 1 nedéli do 1 mésjaca ― from 1 week to 1 month
от 1 до 2 миллио́нов рубле́й ― ot 1 do 2 milliónov rubléj ― from 1 to 2 million roubles
пронумеро́ванные от 1 до 12 ― pronumeróvannyje ot 1 do 12 ― numbered from 1 to 12 / 1 through 12
to denote the cause or origin of some condition:
Synonym: ( partial, colloquial ) с ( s )
умере́ть от разры́ва се́рдца ― umerétʹ ot razrýva sérdca ― to die from /of heart failure
дрожа́ть от стра́ха ― drožátʹ ot stráxa ― to tremble with fear
расстро́иться от чьи́х-то слов ― rasstróitʹsja ot čʹíx-to slov ― to get upset by /from someone's words
used in a few set phrases to denote the nature of an action:
от души́ ― ot duší ― from the heart
от всего́ се́рдца ― ot vsevó sérdca ― with all one's heart
from , since , of (about a time of origin )
слепо́й от рожде́ния ― slepój ot roždénija ― blind from birth
Synonym: с ( s )
ука́з президе́нта от 1 сентября́ ― ukáz prezidénta ot 1 sentjabrjá ― the presidential decree of 1 September
Synonym: genitive case
Usage notes
Before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- ( mn- ) , вс- ( vs- ) , and сн- ( sn- ) , the variant form ото ( oto ) is used.
Anagrams
Shor
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot )
fire
Southern Altai
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) . Cognate with Kazakh от ( ot ) , Kyrgyz от ( ot ) , Crimean Tatar ot , Kumyk от ( ot ) , Azerbaijani od , Turkish od , Khakas от ( ot ) , Shor от , Tuvan от ( ot ) , Western Yugur ot , etc.
Noun
от • (ot )
fire
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *ot ( “ grass ” ) . Cognate with Kazakh от ( ot ) , Kyrgyz от ( ot ) , Crimean Tatar ot , Kumyk от ( ot ) , Azerbaijani ot , Turkish ot , Khakas от ( ot ) , Shor от , Tuvan оът ( òt ) , Western Yugur ot / uʰt , etc.
Noun
от • (ot )
grass
References
N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947 ), “от ”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary ], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
Southern Yukaghir
Etymology
From Proto-Yukaghir *ət- .
Pronunciation
Particle
от (ot )
Used to mark the irrealis mood.
Usage notes
Usually used in its affirmative form, мэт ( met ) .
References
Elena Maslova (2003 ) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir , Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN , page 6
Tuvan
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōt ( “ fire ” ) .
Noun
от • (ot ) (definite accusative отту , plural оттар )
fire
Yakut
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ot ( “ grass ” ) . Cognate with Turkish ot and Kazakh от ( ot ) , but a false cognate with English oat .
Noun
от • (ot )
grass , hay
Derived terms
See also