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под- in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Russian
- подо- (podo-) — before certain consonant clusters
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ-; see *podъ for further information.
Pronunciation
- под-: IPA(key): (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- под-: IPA(key): (before voiceless consonants)
- по́д-: IPA(key): (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
- по́д-: IPA(key): (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)
Prefix
под- • (pod-)
- (used with verbs) upwards (describing an action of moving from the bottom up)
- под- (pod-) + бро́сить pf (brósitʹ, “to throw”) → подбро́сить pf (podbrósitʹ, “to throw upwards”)
- (used with verbs) closer (describing an action of approaching to an entity)
- под- (pod-) + идти́ impf (idtí, “to go (by walking)”) → подойти́ pf (podojtí, “to walk up to, to approach (by walking)”)
- (used with verbs) adding (describing an action of adding more entity)
- под- (pod-) + -ба́вить (-bávitʹ) → подба́вить pf (podbávitʹ, “to add, replenish”)
- (used with verbs) (describing a meaning that shows a finished action or an obtainment of a result)
- под- (pod-) + стричь impf (stričʹ, “to cut”) → подстри́чь pf (podstríčʹ, “to cut up”)
- под- (pod-) + писа́ть impf (pisátʹ, “to write”) → подписа́ть pf (podpisátʹ, “to sign, to subscribe (in the sense of writing one's name with a result)”)
- (used with verbs) (describing an action of copying or following someone's action)
- под- (pod-) + да (da, “yes”) + -кать (-katʹ, suffix forming verbs from expressions) + -ивать (-ivatʹ, imperfectivizing suffix) → подда́кивать impf (poddákivatʹ, “to say yes, to assent (in the sense echoing "yes")”)
- (used with verbs) (describing an existence of the certain action that is weak, invisible, hidden or incomplete)
- под- (pod-) + уста́ть pf (ustátʹ, “to get tired”) → подуста́ть pf (podustátʹ, “to get tired slightly or lightly”)
- под- (pod-) + слать pf (slatʹ, “to send, dispatch”) → подосла́ть pf (podoslátʹ, “to send something (secretly)”)
Prefix
под- • (pod-)
- takes nouns, produces nouns or adjectives: under-, sub- (referring to literal position under something, being under the influence of something, occupying a title or position below a superior, etc.)
- под- (pod-) + земля́ (zemljá, “ground”) + -ный (-nyj) → подзе́мный (podzémnyj, “underground”)
- под- (pod-) + гру́ппа (grúppa, “group”) → подгру́ппа (podgrúppa, “subgroup”)
- под- (pod-) + власть (vlastʹ, “authority, control”) + -ный (-nyj) → подвла́стный (podvlástnyj, “subjected, dependant”)
- под- (pod-) + Карпа́ты (Karpáty, “Carpathians (mountains)”) + -ье (-ʹje) → Подкарпа́тье (Podkarpátʹje, “Subcarpathia (region surrounding the Carpathian mountains)”)
- под- (pod-) + ма́стер (máster, “master”) + -ье (-ʹje) → подмасте́рье (podmastérʹje, “apprentice”)
- takes adjectives, produces adverbs: completely
- под- (pod-) + чи́стый (čístyj, “clean”) + -у́ю (-úju, feminine accusative ending) → подчисту́ю (podčistúju, “without remainder”)
Usage notes
- In the meaning of closer, only use под- when the subject is in the sight range of the object of interest, and then moves even closer towards it.
Antonyms
Derived terms