тьма

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Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
    • 2 Коринт. 4:6-15 from Син. евх.:
      б҃ъ рекъі и҅с тъмъі свѣтоу въсиꙗ҅ти· ꙇ҅же въсиꙗ҅ въ ср҃цихъ вашихъ·
      b:ŭ rekhy is tŭmy světu vŭsijhathi· iže vŭsijha vŭ sr:cixŭ vašixŭ·
      For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts.
Declension
Antonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from an ancestor of Mongolian түм (tüm).

Noun

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. ten thousand; a myriad
    • from Slavonic Josephus, kniga 4, 432б:
      идѧхоу бо по немъ кромѣ ѡроужникъ, четꙑри тмꙑ.
      idęxu bo po nemŭ kromě oružnikŭ, četyri tmy.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. a large number or multitude (of specified things)

References

  • Nikolić, Svetozar (1989) Staroslovenski jezik: Pravopis, glasovi, oblici, Beograd

Old East Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *tьma. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma) and Old Polish ćma.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ//tʲɪˈma//ˈtʲma/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/

  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
Declension
Antonyms
Descendants
  • Old Ruthenian: тьма (tʹma)
  • Russian: тьма (tʹma)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from a Mongolic language (compare Mongolian түм (tüm)). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ//tʲɪˈma//ˈtʲma/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/

  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. myriad (10.000)
  2. multitude (large amount)
Declension
Descendants

References

  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “тьма”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1081

Russian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. dark, darkness
    Synonyms: темнота́ f (temnotá), те́мень f (témenʹ), потёмки f (potjómki), мгла f (mgla), мрак m (mrak)
    Antonym: свет m (svet)
    • 1924, Максим Горький [Maxim Gorky], Рассказ о герое; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):
      Мне всегда́ хоте́лось пощу́пать тьму́, я протя́гивал ру́ку в неосвещённые углы́ и, осторо́жно сжима́я па́льцы в кула́к, ощуща́л ко́жею ладо́ни неприя́тный, вла́жный холодо́к.
      Mne vsegdá xotélosʹ poščúpatʹ tʹmú, ja protjágival rúku v neosveščónnyje uglý i, ostoróžno sžimája pálʹcy v kulák, oščuščál kóžeju ladóni neprijátnyj, vlážnyj xolodók.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), borrowed from a Mongolic language.

Noun

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. (colloquial) thousands, a multitude, a host, lots of
Declension

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Pronunciation

Noun

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, uncountable)

  1. darkness
    Synonyms: те́мрява (témrjava), те́мінь (téminʹ), темно́та́ (temnótá)
  2. (figuratively) uneducatedness
    Synonym: неосві́ченість (neosvíčenistʹ)
  3. (figuratively) wickedness (something vile and evil)

Declension

Noun

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, nominative plural тьми, genitive plural тем)

  1. (historical, countable) ten thousand
  2. (figuratively, colloquial, uncountable) ton (large amount of something)

Declension

References