և
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Armenian
Alternative forms
- եւ (ew) — alternative typography
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Letter
և
և lowercase (uppercase ԵՒ, title-case Եւ)
- The 37th letter of Armenian alphabet according to Reformed Orthography. Represents (but word-initially and separately). Transliterated as ew.
Usage notes
- This letter was created in the result of the spelling reform of the Armenian language of 1922–1924. The Traditional Armenian orthography treats և as a ligature of ե (e) + ւ (w) and not as a separate letter.
- When used in sentence case, the capital form of the letter is Եվ. However, in all caps text it is ԵՎ.
- Can be spelled as a digraph եւ (ew) both in reformed and traditional orthography.
See also
- (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
- (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
- (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
- (Punctuation): ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
- (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍
Etymology 2
Learned borrowing from Old Armenian և (ew). As an inheritance, survives only in the Suceava dialect.
Conjunction
և • (ew)
Alternative forms
- յեվ (yev) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography
Old Armenian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near”). Related to ու (u).
Conjunction
և • (ew)
- and; also, likewise
- եւ ..., եւ ... ― ew ..., ew ... ― both ... and ...
- եւ ոչ ― ew očʻ ― neither, no, nor
- ոչ մին եւ ոչ միւսն ― očʻ min ew očʻ miwsn ― neither; neither one nor the other
- եւ երիտասարդ եւ ծերք ― ew eritasard ew cerkʻ ― both young and old
- եւ այլն ― ew ayln ― et cetera, and so on
- եւ այն զի, եւ այս զի ― ew ayn zi, ew ays zi ― the more so
- եւ արդ ― ew ard ― now, then
- եւ եւս ― ew ews ― also, more, over, still, moreover, likewise
- եւ զի, եւ քանզի ― ew zi, ew kʻanzi ― since, because
- չեւ, չեւ եւս ― čʻew, čʻew ews ― not yet; not till now
- չեւ տեսեալ ― čʻew teseal ― before seeing
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Armenian: եւ (ew) (learned)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “և”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “և”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 386
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian, Zagreb, page 10
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “և”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy