אנוש

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Hebrew

Etymology

Root
א־נ־שׁ (ʾ-n-sh)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔināš-. Max Wagner thinks it is an old borrowing from Aramaic אֱינָשׁ (ʾěnāš) under Hebraization of the vocalism.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Noun

אֱנוֹשׁ • (enósh) m (plural indefinite אנשים)

  1. (poetic, mainly used in constructions) human, man, person, mortal
    מַשְׁאַבֵּי אֱנוֹשׁ ― mash'abé enósh ― human resources
    • Tanach, Job 7:17, with translation of the English Standard Version:
      מָֽה־אֱנֹושׁ כִּי תְגַדְּלֶנּוּ וְכִי־תָשִׁית אֵלָיו לִבֶּֽךָ׃
      What is man, that you make so much of him, and that you set your heart on him,
    • Tanach, Psalms 55:13, with translation of the New International Version:
      וְאַתָּה אֱנֹושׁ כְּעֶרְכִּי אַלּוּפִי וּמְיֻדָּֽעִי׃
      But it is you, a man like myself, my companion, my close friend,
    • Tanach, Psalms 104:15:
      וְיַיִן יְשַׂמַּח לְֽבַב־אֱנֹושׁ […]
      v'yaín y'samákh leváv-enósh
      and wine will make a person's heart happy
    • a. 175 B.C.E., Sirach 37:25
      חיי אנוש ימים מספר.
      The days of human life are numbered.
    • a. 1138, Moses ibn Ezra,
      אֱמֶת, תַּאְווֹת אֱנוֹשׁ מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים / וְחֶפְצָם מִן יְדֵי עַיִשׁ תְּלוּיוֹת –
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1930, Hayim Nahman Bialik, אגדת שלושה וארבעה (נוסח ב):
      מעולם לא דרכה רגל אנוש עפר האי וצי שיט לא קרב אל גבולו, […]
      Never has a human foot steped on the dirt of the island and no navy sailed near to its border,

Usage notes

  • The word is generally used collectively, that is for the whole human race.

Derived terms

Proper noun

אֱנוֹשׁ • (enósh) m

  1. Enos (a grandson of Adam), also Enosh
  2. a male given name: Enosh

Adjective

אָנוּשׁ • (anúsh) (feminine אֲנוּשָׁה, masculine plural אֲנוּשִׁים, feminine plural אֲנוּשׁוֹת)

  1. mortal, fatal
  2. badly sick, close to death

References

  • Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, pages 26–27

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