اشتد

• IPA^(key): /iʃ.tad.da/

اِشْتَدَّ • (ištadda) VIII (non-past يَشْتَدُّ (yaštaddu), verbal noun اِشْتِدَاد (ištidād))

1. to become more vehement, to aggravate, to grow in intensity or tightness
   • a. 684, معن بن أوس , فيا عجباً لمن ربيت طفلاً :

     أُعَلِّمُهُ ٱلرِّمَايَةَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ / فَلَمَّا ٱشْتَدَّ سَاعِدُهُ رَمَانِي.

     ʔuʕallimu-hū r-rimāyata kulla yawmin / fa-lammā štadda sāʕidu-hū ramā-nī.

     I teach him shooting every day; and when his arm was steady he shot me.

   • 7th century CE, Musnad Abū Bakr as-Siddīq, 1:3:

     أَنَا مَعَهُ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَتَلَقَّاهُ النَّاسُ فَخَرَجُوا فِي الطَّرِيقِ وَعَلَى الْأَجَاجِيرِ فَٱشْتَدَّ الْخَدَمُ وَٱلصِّبْيَانُ فِي ٱلطَّرِيقِ يَقُولُونَ ٱللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ جَاءَ رَسُولُ ٱللّٰهِ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ

     ʔanā maʕahū ḥattā qadimnā l-madīnata fatalaqqāhu n-nāsu faḵarajū fī ṭ-ṭarīqi waʕalā l-ʔajājīri faštadda al-ḵadamu waṣ-ṣibyānu fī ṭ-ṭarīqi yaqūlūna llāhu ʔakbaru jāʔa rasūlu llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama jāʔa muḥammadun

     I was with him and we stepped upon Medina where he met upon people who went out onto the streets and onto the roofs and the servants and boys crowded the road saying “God is great, the Messenger of God (PBUH) has come, Muḥammad has come!”

   • 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri]‎, volume IV, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1858, page 165, line 1 a fine:

     ثُمَّ اشْتَدَّتْ الرِيحُ فَخِفْنَا الْغَرَقَ

     ṯumma štaddat ar-rīḥu fa-ḵifnā l-ḡaraqa

     Then the wind became more severe and we feared to drown.

   • 1850, محمد بن عمر التونسي , edited by Humphrey Davies, تشحيذ الأذهان بسيرة بلاد العرب والسودان [In Darfur. An Account of the Sultanate and Its People] (Library of Arabic Literature; 15), volume 2, New York: NYU Press, published 2018, →ISBN, section 4.10, page 212:

     والتبلدي وهو شجر عظيم ضخم أجوف الجذع ينبت في الفيافي وأهل البادية إذا اشتدّ بهم العطش في غير وقت الأمطار يأتون إلى التبلدي فيجدون في تجويفه ماء مجتمّعًا من المطر فيشربون منه ويذهب أوامهم

     There is also the baobab, which is a vast, mighty tree with a hollow trunk that grows in the deserts. When desert dwellers near utter thirst in the dry season, they go to the baobab and find rainwater that has collected in its cavity.