اللهم

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Etymology

Extended form of اَللّٰه (allāh). The origin of the مّ (mm) is unknown. Theories include a connection with مَا (mā), or a borrowing from Hebrew אלוהים (elohim), where the final -m is a majestic plural ending. The form is first attested in the Quran (3:26, 5:114, 8:32, 10:10, 39:46). Some interpret it to be a fusion of يَا اللهُ أُمَّ, shortened from يا ألله أمّنا بخير (yā ʾallāhu ʾummanā bi-khayr), meaning "O God, lead us in goodness".

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma/

Interjection

اَللّٰهُمَّ • (allāhumma)

  1. O God; vocative form of اَللّٰه (allāh) used in invocations, oaths, etc.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:26:
      قُلِ ٱللّٰهُمَّ مَالِكَ ٱلْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِي ٱلْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتَنْزِعُ ٱلْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشَاءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ بِيَدِكَ ٱلْخَيْرُ إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
      quli llāhumma mālika l-mulki tuʔtī l-mulka man tašāʔu wa-tanziʕu l-mulka mimman tašāʔu wa-tuʕizzu man tašāʔu wa-tuḏillu man tašāʔu bi-yadika l-ḵayru ʔinnaka ʕalā kulli šayʔin qadīrun
      O God, Lord of all dominion! Thou grantest dominion unto whom Thou willest, and takest away dominion from whom Thou willest and abasest whom Thou willest. In Thy hand is all good. Verily, Thou hast the power to will anything.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:32:
      وَإِذْ قَالُوا ٱللّٰهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ هٰذَا هُوَ ٱلْحَقَّ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ أَوِ ٱئْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
      wa-ʔiḏ qālū llāhumma ʔin kāna hāḏā huwa l-ḥaqqa min ʕindika fa-ʔamṭir ʕalaynā ḥijāratan mina s-samāʔi ʔawi ʔtinā bi-ʕaḏābin ʔalīmin
      And, lo, they would say, "O God! If this be indeed the truth from Thee, then rain down upon us stones from the skies, or inflict grievous suffering on us!"
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