بر

بر (bar)

1. door

From the root ب ر ر (b-r-r). Inherited from Proto-Semitic *barr-.

بَرّ • (barr) m

2. land, dry land (as opposed to sea)

   Coordinate terms: بَحْر (baḥr), جَوّ (jaww)

4. outside, field

   Antonym: جَوّ (jaww)

• بَرِّيّ (barriyy, “of the dry land”)
• بَرَّانِيّ (barrāniyy, “exterior”)

بَرَّ • (barra) I (first-person singular past بَرِرْتُ (barirtu), non-past يَبَرُّ (yabarru), verbal noun بِرّ (birr))

2. (intransitive) to be righteous, to be pious, to be godly, to be reverent, to be religious
   1. (intransitive) to straighten up, to reform

      Synonyms: صَلَحَ (ṣalaḥa, “to reform”), اِسْتَقَام (istaqām, “to straighten up”)

      Antonym: فَجَرَ (fajara, “to be sinful”)

3. (intransitive) to be kind or generous to

   Synonym: أَحْسَنَ (ʔaḥsana)

4. (intransitive, transitive) to respect or to be respectful , to honor, to revere; to obey

   Synonym: وَقَّرَ (waqqara, “to revere, to venerate”)

   بَرَّ الصَّبِيُّ وَالِدَيْهِ وَرَبَّهُ

   barra ṣ-ṣabiyyu wālidayhi warabbahu

   The boy obeyed his parents and his Lord.

5. (transitive) to deem (an act) true, sincere, or pious; to accept or bless (a religious ritual)

   Synonyms: قَبِلَ (qabila), بَارَك (bārak)

   بَرَّ اللهُ حَجَّهُ وَصَلَاتَهُ

   barra llāhu ḥajjahu waṣalātahu

   Allah accepted his pilgrimage and his prayer.

   1. (intransitive, of an act, especially religious rituals, such as pilgrimages) to be true, sincere, or pious

      بَرَّ حَجُّهُ وَصَلَاتُهُ

      barra ḥajjuhu waṣalātuhu

      His pilgrimage and prayer were pious.

بِرّ • (birr) m

2. verbal noun of بَرَّ (barra) (form I)
3. faith, godliness, piety
4. respectfulness
5. kindness

بَرّ • (barr) (masculine plural أَبْرَار (ʔabrār))

2. pious

   Synonym: صَالِح (ṣāliḥ, “righteous; godly”)

   Antonym: فَاجِر (fājir, “wicked; sinful, ungodly”)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 82:13-14:

     إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ لَفِي نَعِيمٍ / وَإِنَّ الْفُجَّارَ لَفِي جَحِيمٍ

     ʔinna al-ʔabrāra lafī naʕīmin / waʔinna l-fujjāra lafī jaḥīmin

     Indeed the pious will be in bliss, and lo, the wicked will be in the fire of hell.

   1. reverent, religious

      Synonyms: تَقِيّ (taqiyy), مُتَّقٍ (muttaqin)

3. kind, benevolent

   Synonym: مُحْسِن (muḥsin)

4. respectful
5. true, sincere

   Synonym: مُخْلِص (muḵliṣ)

بُرْ • (bur) (form I) /bur/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of بَارَ (bāra)

Probably one of the words Yemenite expatriates picked up in the Byzantine Empire, from Ancient Greek πυρός (purós), similar to فِرْسِك (firsik, “peach”), if it is correct that one has to posit for Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ a meaning “spelt”. Another word for spelt or dinkel wheat is borrowed from Ancient Greek: خَنْدَرُوس (ḵandarūs).

The similar Hebrew בָּר (bār, “grain, corn”) may be instead from the same derivation as the etymon of بَزْر (bazr, “seed”). The similarity to Proto-Slavic *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”) is also likely a coincidence.

بُرّ • (burr) m (collective, singulative بُرَّة f (burra), plural أَبْرَار (ʔabrār))

2. (now South Ḥijāz, Yemen, Ẓufār) wheat

   Synonyms: حِنْطَة (ḥinṭa), قَمْح (qamḥ), طَعَام (ṭaʕām), غَلَّة (ḡalla)

   • c. 950, أبو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل [ʔAbū Dulaf Misʕar Ibn Muhalhal], edited by Kurd von Schlözer, De itinere Asiatico commentarium‎, published 1845 ^{WC GB}, pages 18–19:

     فخرجت إلى الساحل أربد بكلة وهذا أول الهند ومنتهى مسير المراكب لا يتهيّأ لها أن يتجاوزها وألا غرقت قال فلما وصلت إلى كلة رأيته وهي عظيمة عالية السور كثيرة البساتين غزيرة الماء ووجدت بها معدن الرصاص القلعي لا يكون إلا في قلعتها في سائر الدنيا، وفي هذه القلعة تضرب السيوف القلعية، وهي الهندية العتيقة … وأهل هذه القلعة يمتنعون على ملكها إذا أرادوا يطيعونه إن أحبوا ورسمهم رسم الصين في ترك الذبائح وليس في جميع الدنيا معدن الرصاص القلعي إلا في هذه القلعة وبينهما وبين الصين ثلثمائة فرسخ وحولها مدن ورساتيق وقرى ولهم أحكام وحبوس وخبايات وأكلهم البر والتمور وبقولهم كلها تباع وزنا وأرغفة خبزهم تباع عددا ولا حمامات لهم بل عندهم عين جارية يغتسلون فيها ودرهمهم يزن ثلثي درهم ويعرف بالفهري ولهم فلوس يتعاملون بها ويلبسون كأهل الصين الإفرند الصيني المثمن وملكها دون ملك الصين ويخطب لملك الصين وقبلته إليه وبيت عبادته له.

     And I went off to the dusty shore of Kala, which is the first and ultimate end of India for vessels, as nobody even dares to imagine to pass by it since he would drown. When I arrived at Kala, I conned it and it is large and has high walls, many gardens and plenty of water, and I found mines of tin not found in the rest of the world but in Qalʕa, and in this Qalʕa one forges the Qalʕaite swords, the excellent Indian ones, and the populace of this Qalʕa withstands its king when it wants and abides by him when it lists, and their tradition is like the tradition of China, refraining from slaughtering beasts, and there aren’t in all the world tin mines but in this Qalʕa, and between them two and China are three-hundred parasang, and there are towns, rural districts and villages, and they have jurisdiction, jails, and corbans, and their food is wheat and dates and all their vegetables they buy by scales, and their bread is bread-rolls they buy by count. They have no baths but a running spring in which they wash, and their dirham weighs as a third-dirham and is known as Fahrī, and they have fulūs with which they commerce, and they dress like the people of China in dear Chinese silks, and their king is subordinate to the King of China, reports to the King of China, his praying direction is to him, his place of sacrifice is towards him.

   • a. 1635, علي بن برهان الدين الحلبي, “باب شهوده حلف الفضول”, in Sīra Ḥalabiyya:

     فاتفق أن أمية بن أبي الصلت مر على بني عبد المدان، فرأى طعامهم لباب البر والشهد.

     There has been agreement that Umayya ibn Abī s-Salt passed by the Banū ʕabd al-Madān and he saw that they ate pulp of wheat and honey.

From Proto-Turkic *bar-.

بَر (bar)

1. (Volga Bulgar) to go

   جرمسَن شِونَ بَرسَ وَلتِ ― Çerimsen şıwne barse welti. ― He died when he get to the Çerimsen river.

   فانى دنيارا[ن] باقى اخِرَت بطوى ― Fâni dönyaran bâki axirete ba(r)tuwi. ― He went to eternal afterlife from finite world.

   فانى دنياران كوالجصن باقى اخرة بطوى ― Fânî dönyârân köwelçsan bâkî axirete ba(r)tuwi. ― He went to eternal afterlife while migrating from finite world.

• Chuvash: пыр (pyr)

• Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 163
• Róna-Tas, András (1976) “A Volga Bulgarıan Inscription from 1307”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎ (in Bulgar), volume 30, number 2, page 155
• Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN

• بیر (bir)

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

بر (bir)

1. a, an

بر (bir)

1. one (1)

• Azerbaijani: bir
• Gagauz: bir
• Ottoman Turkish: بر (bir), պիր (bir) — Armeno-Turkish
  • Turkish: bir

• պիր (bir) — Armeno-Turkish

From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (“one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

بر • (bir)

1. a, an

بر • (bir)

1. one (1)

• Turkish: bir

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭣𐭬 (mdm /⁠abar⁠/, “up; on, over”).

• ابر (abar)

بر • (bar)

1. on
2. upon
3. onto

From Middle Persian (wl /⁠war⁠/, “breast”).

بر • (bar)

1. chest
2. side

From Middle Persian (bl /⁠bar⁠/, “fruit, produce, profit”).

بر • (bar)^[2]

1. (archaic) fruit

• برخوردار (barxordâr)
• نوبر (nowbar)

• IPA^(key): /bæɾ/
• Rhymes: -ar

بر • (bar)

1. present stem form of بردن (bordan)

• دلبر (delbar, “beloved”)
• سفربر (safarbar, “who undertakes a journey, ready to travel”)

• Vullers, Johann August (1855) “بر”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 207–208