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From Ancient Greekδρακόντιον(drakóntion, “edder-wort, Dracunculus vulgaris”, a plant with similar leaves, confused in pharmacopoeiae as both plants were not everywhere available), from δράκων(drákōn, “dragon, serpent”) relating to the shape of its leaves.
طرخون: الماهية: هو معروف قالوا: أن عاقر قرحا هو أصل الطرخون الجبلي. الطبع: الظاهر أنه حار يابس إلى الثانية وإن كانت فيه قوة مخدرة. وقال بعض من لا يعتمد عليهِ: إنه حار يابس. الخواص: هو يجفف الرطوبات منشف لها وفيه تبريد ما نافع. أعضاء النفس: يحدث وجع الحلق. أعضاء الغذاء: عسر الهضم. أعضاء النفض: يقطع شهوة الباه.
Estragon: The quality: Well known, the say: That the Mount Atlas daisy is the root of the mountain estragon. The nature: It appears hot and dry in the second grade, perchance of anesthetizing power. Some who do not rely upon it say: It is hot and dry. The peculiarities: It dries moistures, cleansing them, and there is a nice cooling effect. Personal body parts: It causes ache of the throat. Eating body parts: Hardship of digestion. Beating organs: It cuts libido.
الثمرا هي من أنواع الشبرم وفي كتاب ابن سينا الشبرم ينبت في البساتين له قصب دقيق مستو ذو زغب وورق كورق الطرخون فيما أفدر وله لين
The ṯamrā is a type of spurge and in Avicenna’s book the spurge grows in gardens and has tender and even sticks of down and leaves like the leaves of tarragon but larger and it is supple.
Freytag, Georg (1835) “طرخون”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 47
Langkavel, Bernhard (1866) Botanik der späteren Griechen vom dritten bis dreizehnten Jahrhunderte (in German), Berlin: F. Berggold, page 73
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Dracunculus hortensis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 432
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طرخون”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3097
