قلقاس

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Arabic

قُلْقَاس
 قلقاس on Arabic Wikipedia

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Classical Syriac ܩܠܩܐܣ (qōlqās), ܩܠܘܩܣ (qōlqōs), ܩܠܘܩܘܣ (qōlōqōs), ܩܠܩܐ (qalqā, qelqā, “taro”), still attested in Turoyo ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqo, “a kind of cardoon or artichoke”), Northeastern Neo-Aramaic ܩܰܠܩܳܐ (qalqa) and in some dialects ܩܰܩܢܳܐ (qaqna), which also explains Persian کنگر (kangar, “thistle; acanthus”), and also in Mishnaic Hebrew קולקס, קרקס (“taro”).

This is said to be from Egyptian, as the Ancient Greek κολοκασία (kolokasía) and Latin colocasia meaning taro is known to be transferred only from the 4th century AD from the meaning of sacred lotus which also has an edible rhizome, but Coptic ⲕⲟⲗⲧⲁϧ (koltax), ⲕⲟⲗⲅⲁⲥ (kolgas), ⲕⲟⲣⲕⲁⲥⲓ (korkasi) is reckoned as from Hebrew or Arabic.

The origin is then Semitic at least ultimately in view of Akkadian qulqulliānu, qulqullânu (“a type of cassia?”), Ugaritic 𐎖𐎍𐎖𐎍 (qlql, some medicinal plant also fed to horses), Hebrew קְלוֹקֵל (qəlōqēl, “inferior, poor; miserable food”), Arabic قِلْقِل (qilqil, “some kind of hard-grained plant”), قُلَاقِل (qulāqil, “devil-bean, Crotalaria retusa”), the latter and قُلْقُل (qulqul) also meaning “agile, exuberant”, evidently all just reduplications of the root ق ل ل (q-l-l).

Pronunciation

Noun

قُلْقَاس • (qulqās) m (collective, singulative قُلْقَاسَة f (qulqāsa))

  1. Colocasia; taro
  2. (obsolete, rare) Cynara; cardoon or artichoke
    Synonyms: قَنَّارِيَّة (qannāriyya), خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf), كَنْكَر (kankar)

Declension

Declension of noun قُلْقَاس (qulqās)
Collective basic collective triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قُلْقَاس
qulqās 		الْقُلْقَاس
al-qulqās 		قُلْقَاس
qulqās
Nominative قُلْقَاسٌ
qulqāsun 		الْقُلْقَاسُ
al-qulqāsu 		قُلْقَاسُ
qulqāsu
Accusative قُلْقَاسًا
qulqāsan 		الْقُلْقَاسَ
al-qulqāsa 		قُلْقَاسَ
qulqāsa
Genitive قُلْقَاسٍ
qulqāsin 		الْقُلْقَاسِ
al-qulqāsi 		قُلْقَاسِ
qulqāsi
Singulative singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قُلْقَاسَة
qulqāsa 		الْقُلْقَاسَة
al-qulqāsa 		قُلْقَاسَة
qulqāsat
Nominative قُلْقَاسَةٌ
qulqāsatun 		الْقُلْقَاسَةُ
al-qulqāsatu 		قُلْقَاسَةُ
qulqāsatu
Accusative قُلْقَاسَةً
qulqāsatan 		الْقُلْقَاسَةَ
al-qulqāsata 		قُلْقَاسَةَ
qulqāsata
Genitive قُلْقَاسَةٍ
qulqāsatin 		الْقُلْقَاسَةِ
al-qulqāsati 		قُلْقَاسَةِ
qulqāsati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قُلْقَاسَتَيْن
qulqāsatayn 		الْقُلْقَاسَتَيْن
al-qulqāsatayn 		قُلْقَاسَتَيْ
qulqāsatay
Nominative قُلْقَاسَتَانِ
qulqāsatāni 		الْقُلْقَاسَتَانِ
al-qulqāsatāni 		قُلْقَاسَتَا
qulqāsatā
Accusative قُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ
qulqāsatayni 		الْقُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ
al-qulqāsatayni 		قُلْقَاسَتَيْ
qulqāsatay
Genitive قُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ
qulqāsatayni 		الْقُلْقَاسَتَيْنِ
al-qulqāsatayni 		قُلْقَاسَتَيْ
qulqāsatay
Paucal (3-10) sound feminine paucal
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal قُلْقَاسَات
qulqāsāt 		الْقُلْقَاسَات
al-qulqāsāt 		قُلْقَاسَات
qulqāsāt
Nominative قُلْقَاسَاتٌ
qulqāsātun 		الْقُلْقَاسَاتُ
al-qulqāsātu 		قُلْقَاسَاتُ
qulqāsātu
Accusative قُلْقَاسَاتٍ
qulqāsātin 		الْقُلْقَاسَاتِ
al-qulqāsāti 		قُلْقَاسَاتِ
qulqāsāti
Genitive قُلْقَاسَاتٍ
qulqāsātin 		الْقُلْقَاسَاتِ
al-qulqāsāti 		قُلْقَاسَاتِ
qulqāsāti

Descendants

References

  • “qwlqsyyh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 670b, incorrectly entered as equalling Latin calx (“chalk”)
  • Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 106a
  • Grimaldi, Ilaria Maria (2018 June 5) “Literary evidence for taro in the ancient Mediterranean: A chronology of names and uses in a multilingual world”, in PLoS One‎, volume 13, number 6, →DOI
  • Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 218
  • Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 240
  • Payne Margoliouth, Jessie (1927) Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, S.T.P., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 304b
  • Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 3643
  • Tezel, Aziz (2021) “On the Origin of Some Plant Names in Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo in Ṭūr ʿAbdīn”, in Geoffrey Khan, Paul M. Noorlander, editors, Studies in the Grammar and Lexicon of Neo-Aramaic‎, Cambridge: University of Cambridge, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 335–352
  • Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 51, page 302
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