दक्षिण
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दक्षिण दिशा
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (“right (side)”). Doublet of दक्खिन (dakkhin).
Pronunciation
Adjective
दक्षिण • (dakṣiṇ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دکشن)
Noun
दक्षिण • (dakṣiṇ) m (Urdu spelling دکشن)
Declension
Declension of दक्षिण (masc cons-stem)
Coordinate terms
- (compass points)
| पश्चिमोत्तर (paścimottar) | उत्तर (uttar) | पूर्वोत्तर (pūrvottar) |
| पश्चिम (paścim) | 
|
पूर्व (pūrv) |
| दक्षिण-पश्चिम (dakṣiṇ-paścim) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ) | दक्षिण-पूर्व (dakṣiṇ-pūrv) |
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (“right (side)”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
दक्षिण • (dakṣiṇ)
Noun
दक्षिण • (dakṣiṇ) f
See also
- (compass points) दिशा;
| वायव्य (vāyavya) | उत्तर (uttar) | ईशान्य (īśānya) |
| पश्चिम (paścim) |
|
पूर्व (pūrva) |
| नैऋत्य (naiŕtya) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ) | आग्नेय (āgney) |
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “दक्षिण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Nepali
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa).
Pronunciation
Noun
दक्षिण • (dakṣiṇ)
Adjective
दक्षिण • (dakṣiṇ)
Further reading
- “दक्षिण”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “दक्षिण”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দক্ষিণ (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬓ᭄ᬱᬶᬡ (Balinese script)
- দক্ষিণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰰𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀺𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ဒက္ၑိဏ (Burmese script)
- દક્ષિણ (Gujarati script)
- ਦਕ੍ਸ਼ਿਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌿𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦏ꧀ꦰꦶꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂱𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ದಕ್ಷಿಣ (Kannada script)
- ទក្ឞិណ (Khmer script)
- ທກ຺ຩິຓ (Lao script)
- ദക്ഷിണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᠠᡬᢢᡳᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘱𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠠᢉᢔᠢᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧒𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐶𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଦକ୍ଷିଣ (Odia script)
- ꢣꢒ꣄ꢰꢶꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆴𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖰𑖜 (Siddham script)
- දක්ෂිණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩑𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚊𑚶𑚮𑚘 (Takri script)
- த³க்ஷிண (Tamil script)
- దక్షిణ (Telugu script)
- ทกฺษิณ (Thai script)
- ད་ཀྵི་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒱𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨁𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáćšinas (“right, righthand”), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱs-i-no-s, from *deḱs- (“right (side)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬱𐬌𐬥𐬀 (dašina), Lithuanian dẽšinas, Serbo-Croatian дѐснӣ/dèsnī, Ancient Greek δεξιός (dexiós, “right”), Latin dexter (“right”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃𐍅𐌰 (taihswa).
Pronunciation
Adjective
दक्षिण • (dákṣiṇa) stem
- right, righthand; located on the right
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.39.6:
- इन्द्रो॒ मधु॒ सम्भृ॑तमु॒स्रिया॑यां प॒द्वद्वि॑वेद श॒फव॒न्नमे॒ गोः।
गुहा॑ हि॒तं गुह्यं॑ गू॒ळ्हम॒प्सु हस्ते॑ दधे॒ दक्षि॑णे॒ दक्षि॑णावान्॥- índro mádhu sámbhṛtamusríyāyāṃ padvádviveda śaphávannáme góḥ.
gúhā hitáṃ gúhyaṃ gūḷhámapsú háste dadhe dákṣiṇe dákṣiṇāvān. - Indra discovered the sweet milk secreted in the cow, and thereupon, brought forth (from their concealment) the herd (of cattle) having feet and having hoofs; munificent (in gifts), he held in his right hand that which had been hidden in the cavern, which was concealed in the waters.
- índro mádhu sámbhṛtamusríyāyāṃ padvádviveda śaphávannáme góḥ.
- इन्द्रो॒ मधु॒ सम्भृ॑तमु॒स्रिया॑यां प॒द्वद्वि॑वेद श॒फव॒न्नमे॒ गोः।
- southern
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दक्षिणः (dákṣiṇaḥ) | दक्षिणौ (dákṣiṇau) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
दक्षिणाः (dákṣiṇāḥ) दक्षिणासः¹ (dákṣiṇāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | दक्षिण (dákṣiṇa) | दक्षिणौ (dákṣiṇau) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
दक्षिणाः (dákṣiṇāḥ) दक्षिणासः¹ (dákṣiṇāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | दक्षिणम् (dákṣiṇam) | दक्षिणौ (dákṣiṇau) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
दक्षिणान् (dákṣiṇān) |
| instrumental | दक्षिणेन (dákṣiṇena) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणैः (dákṣiṇaiḥ) दक्षिणेभिः¹ (dákṣiṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दक्षिणाय (dákṣiṇāya) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणेभ्यः (dákṣiṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दक्षिणात् (dákṣiṇāt) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणेभ्यः (dákṣiṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दक्षिणस्य (dákṣiṇasya) | दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणानाम् (dákṣiṇānām) |
| locative | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणेषु (dákṣiṇeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दक्षिणा (dákṣiṇā) | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणाः (dákṣiṇāḥ) |
| vocative | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणाः (dákṣiṇāḥ) |
| accusative | दक्षिणाम् (dákṣiṇām) | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणाः (dákṣiṇāḥ) |
| instrumental | दक्षिणया (dákṣiṇayā) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणाभिः (dákṣiṇābhiḥ) |
| dative | दक्षिणायै (dákṣiṇāyai) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणाभ्यः (dákṣiṇābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दक्षिणायाः (dákṣiṇāyāḥ) दक्षिणायै² (dákṣiṇāyai²) |
दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणाभ्यः (dákṣiṇābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दक्षिणायाः (dákṣiṇāyāḥ) दक्षिणायै² (dákṣiṇāyai²) |
दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणानाम् (dákṣiṇānām) |
| locative | दक्षिणायाम् (dákṣiṇāyām) | दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणासु (dákṣiṇāsu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दक्षिणम् (dákṣiṇam) | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणानि (dákṣiṇāni) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
| vocative | दक्षिण (dákṣiṇa) | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणानि (dákṣiṇāni) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
| accusative | दक्षिणम् (dákṣiṇam) | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणानि (dákṣiṇāni) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
| instrumental | दक्षिणेन (dákṣiṇena) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणैः (dákṣiṇaiḥ) दक्षिणेभिः¹ (dákṣiṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दक्षिणाय (dákṣiṇāya) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणेभ्यः (dákṣiṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दक्षिणात् (dákṣiṇāt) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणेभ्यः (dákṣiṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दक्षिणस्य (dákṣiṇasya) | दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणानाम् (dákṣiṇānām) |
| locative | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणेषु (dákṣiṇeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
दक्षिण • (dákṣiṇa) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दक्षिणः (dákṣiṇaḥ) | दक्षिणौ (dákṣiṇau) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
दक्षिणाः (dákṣiṇāḥ) दक्षिणासः¹ (dákṣiṇāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | दक्षिण (dákṣiṇa) | दक्षिणौ (dákṣiṇau) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
दक्षिणाः (dákṣiṇāḥ) दक्षिणासः¹ (dákṣiṇāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | दक्षिणम् (dákṣiṇam) | दक्षिणौ (dákṣiṇau) दक्षिणा¹ (dákṣiṇā¹) |
दक्षिणान् (dákṣiṇān) |
| instrumental | दक्षिणेन (dákṣiṇena) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणैः (dákṣiṇaiḥ) दक्षिणेभिः¹ (dákṣiṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दक्षिणाय (dákṣiṇāya) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणेभ्यः (dákṣiṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दक्षिणात् (dákṣiṇāt) | दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dákṣiṇābhyām) | दक्षिणेभ्यः (dákṣiṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दक्षिणस्य (dákṣiṇasya) | दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणानाम् (dákṣiṇānām) |
| locative | दक्षिणे (dákṣiṇe) | दक्षिणयोः (dákṣiṇayoḥ) | दक्षिणेषु (dákṣiṇeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Coordinate terms
- (compass points)
| पश्चिमोत्तर (paścimottara) | उत्तर (uttara) | ईशान (īśāna) |
| पश्चिम (paścima) |
|
पूर्व (pūrva) |
| दक्षिणपश्चिम (dakṣiṇapaścima) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa) | दक्षिणपूर्व (dakṣiṇapūrva) |
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Helu Prakrit:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: दक्खिन (dakkhina)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀡 (dakkhiṇa)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀡 (dakkhiṇa)
- Marathi: डाखीण (ḍākhīṇ, “south wind”)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Pali: dakkhiṇa
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀡 (dakkhiṇa)
Borrowed terms
- → Hindi: दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ)
- → Gujarati: દક્ષિણ (dakṣiṇ)
- → Javanese: ꦢꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦤ (daksina)
- → Kannada: ದಕ್ಷಿಣ (dakṣiṇa)
- → Khmer: ទក្សិណ (tĕəksən)
- → Malayalam: ദക്ഷിണ (dakṣiṇa)
- → Marathi: दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ)
- → Nepali: दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ)
- → Odia: ଦକ୍ଷିଣ (dakshiṇa)
- → Telugu: దక్షిణము (dakṣiṇamu)
- → Thai: ทักษิณ (ták-sǐn)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “दक्षिण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 465/2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dákṣiṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 690-691