प्रथम

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Hindi

Hindi numbers (edit)
10,
 ←  0 १
1 		2  → , , 10  → ,
    Cardinal: एक (ek)
    Ordinal: पहला (pahlā), पहिला (pahilā), प्रथम (pratham)
    Fractional: पूरा (pūrā)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /pɾə.t̪ʰəm/,

Adjective

प्रथम • (pratham) (indeclinable)

  1. first, foremost
    Synonym: पहला (pahlā)
  2. preeminent

Maithili

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathama).

Pronunciation

Adjective

प्रथम • (pratham)

  1. first, foremost
    Synonym: पहिल (pahil)

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá).

Adjective

प्रथम • (pratham)

  1. first, prior, initial, chief, principal

Adverb

प्रथम • (pratham)

  1. first, at first, in the first place

References

  • Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “प्रथम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
  • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “प्रथम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratʰamás (“first, foremost”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós (“foremost”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fratəma), Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (f-r-t-m-a /⁠fratama⁠/), Old Armenian փարթամ (pʻartʻam).

Pronunciation

Sanskrit numbers (edit)
10
१
1 		2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: एक (eka)
    Ordinal: प्रथम (prathama)
    Multiplier: एकधा (ekadhā)
    Distributive: एकशस् (ekaśas)

Adjective

प्रथम • (prathamá) stem

  1. foremost, first (in time or in a series or in rank)
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.109.1:
      ते॑ऽवदन्प्रथमा ब्र॑ह्मकिल्बि॒षेऽकू॑पारः सलि॒लो मा॑त॒रिश्वा॑।
      वी॒ळुह॑रा॒स्तप॑ उ॒ग्रो म॑यो॒भूरापो॑ दे॒वीः प्र॑थम॒जा ऋ॒तेन॑॥
      tèʼvadanprathamā brahmakilbiṣéʼkūpāraḥ saliló mātaríśvā.
      vīḷúharāstápa ugró mayobhū́rā́po devī́ḥ prathamajā́ ṛténa.
      These first, the boundless Sea, and Matarisvan, fierce-glowing Fire, the Strong, the Bliss-bestower.
      And heavenly Floods, first-born by holy Order, exclaimed against the outrage on a Brahmin.
  2. earliest, primary, original, prior, former
  3. often translatable adverbially in the beginning of a compound; see especially प्रथमम् (prathamam), प्रथमात् (prathamāt)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of प्रथम
singular dual plural
nominative प्रथमः (prathamáḥ) प्रथमौ (prathamaú)
प्रथमा¹ (prathamā́¹) 		प्रथमाः (prathamā́ḥ)
प्रथमासः¹ (prathamā́saḥ¹)
accusative प्रथमम् (prathamám) प्रथमौ (prathamaú)
प्रथमा¹ (prathamā́¹) 		प्रथमान् (prathamā́n)
instrumental प्रथमेन (prathaména) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमैः (prathamaíḥ)
प्रथमेभिः¹ (prathamébhiḥ¹)
dative प्रथमाय (prathamā́ya) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमेभ्यः (prathamébhyaḥ)
ablative प्रथमात् (prathamā́t) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमेभ्यः (prathamébhyaḥ)
genitive प्रथमस्य (prathamásya) प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमानाम् (prathamā́nām)
locative प्रथमे (prathamé) प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमेषु (prathaméṣu)
vocative प्रथम (práthama) प्रथमौ (práthamau)
प्रथमा¹ (práthamā¹) 		प्रथमाः (práthamāḥ)
प्रथमासः¹ (práthamāsaḥ¹)
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of प्रथमा
singular dual plural
nominative प्रथमा (prathamā́) प्रथमे (prathamé) प्रथमाः (prathamā́ḥ)
accusative प्रथमाम् (prathamā́m) प्रथमे (prathamé) प्रथमाः (prathamā́ḥ)
instrumental प्रथमया (prathamáyā)
प्रथमा¹ (prathamā́¹) 		प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमाभिः (prathamā́bhiḥ)
dative प्रथमायै (prathamā́yai) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमाभ्यः (prathamā́bhyaḥ)
ablative प्रथमायाः (prathamā́yāḥ)
प्रथमायै² (prathamā́yai²) 		प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमाभ्यः (prathamā́bhyaḥ)
genitive प्रथमायाः (prathamā́yāḥ)
प्रथमायै² (prathamā́yai²) 		प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमानाम् (prathamā́nām)
locative प्रथमायाम् (prathamā́yām) प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमासु (prathamā́su)
vocative प्रथमे (práthame) प्रथमे (práthame) प्रथमाः (práthamāḥ)
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of प्रथम
singular dual plural
nominative प्रथमम् (prathamám) प्रथमे (prathamé) प्रथमानि (prathamā́ni)
प्रथमा¹ (prathamā́¹)
accusative प्रथमम् (prathamám) प्रथमे (prathamé) प्रथमानि (prathamā́ni)
प्रथमा¹ (prathamā́¹)
instrumental प्रथमेन (prathaména) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमैः (prathamaíḥ)
प्रथमेभिः¹ (prathamébhiḥ¹)
dative प्रथमाय (prathamā́ya) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमेभ्यः (prathamébhyaḥ)
ablative प्रथमात् (prathamā́t) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमेभ्यः (prathamébhyaḥ)
genitive प्रथमस्य (prathamásya) प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमानाम् (prathamā́nām)
locative प्रथमे (prathamé) प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमेषु (prathaméṣu)
vocative प्रथम (práthama) प्रथमे (práthame) प्रथमानि (práthamāni)
प्रथमा¹ (práthamā¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

Noun

प्रथम • (prathamá) stem, m

  1. (grammar) (namely वर्ण (varṇa)) the first consonant of a वर्ग (varga), a surd unaspirate letter
  2. (grammar) (namely पुरुष (puruṣa)) the first (in Western grammar terminology, the 3rd) person or its terminations
  3. (namely स्वर (svara)) the first tone
  4. (mathematics) the sum of the products divided by the difference between the squares of the cosine of the azimuth and the sine of the amplitude
  5. the first tithi of each lunar fortnight

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of प्रथम
singular dual plural
nominative प्रथमः (prathamáḥ) प्रथमौ (prathamaú)
प्रथमा¹ (prathamā́¹) 		प्रथमाः (prathamā́ḥ)
प्रथमासः¹ (prathamā́saḥ¹)
accusative प्रथमम् (prathamám) प्रथमौ (prathamaú)
प्रथमा¹ (prathamā́¹) 		प्रथमान् (prathamā́n)
instrumental प्रथमेन (prathaména) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमैः (prathamaíḥ)
प्रथमेभिः¹ (prathamébhiḥ¹)
dative प्रथमाय (prathamā́ya) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमेभ्यः (prathamébhyaḥ)
ablative प्रथमात् (prathamā́t) प्रथमाभ्याम् (prathamā́bhyām) प्रथमेभ्यः (prathamébhyaḥ)
genitive प्रथमस्य (prathamásya) प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमानाम् (prathamā́nām)
locative प्रथमे (prathamé) प्रथमयोः (prathamáyoḥ) प्रथमेषु (prathaméṣu)
vocative प्रथम (práthama) प्रथमौ (práthamau)
प्रथमा¹ (práthamā¹) 		प्रथमाः (práthamāḥ)
प्रथमासः¹ (práthamāsaḥ¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “प्रथम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 678/3.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen ‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 179
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