सत्

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Sanskrit

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Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsáns ~ *Hsatás (being, existing), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts (being, existing). Equivalent to अस् (as, to be) +‎ -अत् (-at). Cognate with Old Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬧𐬙 (haṇt), Ancient Greek ὤν (ṓn), Latin prae-sēns (present), Old English sōþ.

Pronunciation

Participle

सत् (sát) present active participle (root अस्)

  1. present participle of अस्ति (asti); being, existing, occurring, happening, being present
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.129.1:
      नास॑दासी॒न्नो सद्आ॒सीत्त॒दानीं॒ नासी॒द्रजो॒ नो व्यो॑मा प॒रो यत् ।
      किमाव॑रीवः॒ कुह॒ कस्य॒ शर्म॒न्नम्भः॒ किमा॑सी॒द्गह॑नं गभी॒रम् ॥
      nā́sadāsīnnó sádāsī́ttadā́nīṃ nā́sīdrájo nó vyòmā paró yát.
      kímā́varīvaḥ kúha kásya śármannámbhaḥ kímāsīdgáhanaṃ gabhīrám.
      Then was not non-existent nor existent: there was no realm of air, no sky beyond it.
      What covered in, and where? and what gave shelter? Was water there, unfathomed depth of water?
  2. (with locative) abiding in
  3. (with genitive) belonging to
  4. living
  5. lasting, enduring
  6. real, actual, as any one or anything ought to be, true, good, right

Declension

Masculine at-stem declension of सत्
singular dual plural
nominative सन् (sán) सन्तौ (sántau)
सन्ता¹ (sántā¹)
सन्तः (sántaḥ)
accusative सन्तम् (sántam) सन्तौ (sántau)
सन्ता¹ (sántā¹)
सतः (satáḥ)
instrumental सता (satā́) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भिः (sádbhiḥ)
dative सते (saté) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sádbhyaḥ)
ablative सतः (satáḥ) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sádbhyaḥ)
genitive सतः (satáḥ) सतोः (satóḥ) सताम् (satā́m)
locative सति (satí) सतोः (satóḥ) सत्सु (sátsu)
vocative सन् (sán) सन्तौ (sántau)
सन्ता¹ (sántā¹)
सन्तः (sántaḥ)
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ī-stem declension of सती
singular dual plural
nominative सती (satī́) सत्यौ (satyaù)
सती¹ (satī́¹)
सत्यः (satyàḥ)
सतीः¹ (satī́ḥ¹)
accusative सतीम् (satī́m) सत्यौ (satyaù)
सती¹ (satī́¹)
सतीः (satī́ḥ)
instrumental सत्या (satyā́) सतीभ्याम् (satī́bhyām) सतीभिः (satī́bhiḥ)
dative सत्यै (satyaí) सतीभ्याम् (satī́bhyām) सतीभ्यः (satī́bhyaḥ)
ablative सत्याः (satyā́ḥ)
सत्यै² (satyaí²)
सतीभ्याम् (satī́bhyām) सतीभ्यः (satī́bhyaḥ)
genitive सत्याः (satyā́ḥ)
सत्यै² (satyaí²)
सत्योः (satyóḥ) सतीनाम् (satī́nām)
locative सत्याम् (satyā́m) सत्योः (satyóḥ) सतीषु (satī́ṣu)
vocative सति (sáti) सत्यौ (sátyau)
सती¹ (sátī¹)
सत्यः (sátyaḥ)
सतीः¹ (sátīḥ¹)
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter at-stem declension of सत्
singular dual plural
nominative सत् (sát) सन्ती (sántī)
सती (satī́)
सन्ति (sánti)
accusative सत् (sát) सन्ती (sántī)
सती (satī́)
सन्ति (sánti)
instrumental सता (satā́) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भिः (sádbhiḥ)
dative सते (saté) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sádbhyaḥ)
ablative सतः (satáḥ) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sádbhyaḥ)
genitive सतः (satáḥ) सतोः (satóḥ) सताम् (satā́m)
locative सति (satí) सतोः (satóḥ) सत्सु (sátsu)
vocative सत् (sát) सन्ती (sántī)
सती (sátī)
सन्ति (sánti)

Noun

सत् (sát) stemm

  1. a being; (in the plural) beings, creatures
  2. a good or wise man, a sage
  3. good or honest or wise or respectable people

Declension

Masculine at-stem declension of सत्
singular dual plural
nominative सन् (sán) सन्तौ (sántau)
सन्ता¹ (sántā¹)
सन्तः (sántaḥ)
accusative सन्तम् (sántam) सन्तौ (sántau)
सन्ता¹ (sántā¹)
सतः (satáḥ)
instrumental सता (satā́) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भिः (sádbhiḥ)
dative सते (saté) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sádbhyaḥ)
ablative सतः (satáḥ) सद्भ्याम् (sádbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sádbhyaḥ)
genitive सतः (satáḥ) सतोः (satóḥ) सताम् (satā́m)
locative सति (satí) सतोः (satóḥ) सत्सु (sátsu)
vocative सन् (sán) सन्तौ (sántau)
सन्ता¹ (sántā¹)
सन्तः (sántaḥ)
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

सत् (sat) stemn

  1. entity or existence, essence
  2. that which is good or real or true, reality, truth

Declension

Neuter at-stem declension of सत्
singular dual plural
nominative सत् (sat) सन्ती (sántī)
सती (satī́)
सन्ति (santi)
accusative सत् (sat) सन्ती (sántī)
सती (satī́)
सन्ति (santi)
instrumental सता (satā) सद्भ्याम् (sadbhyām) सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ)
dative सते (sate) सद्भ्याम् (sadbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sadbhyaḥ)
ablative सतः (sataḥ) सद्भ्याम् (sadbhyām) सद्भ्यः (sadbhyaḥ)
genitive सतः (sataḥ) सतोः (satoḥ) सताम् (satām)
locative सति (sati) सतोः (satoḥ) सत्सु (satsu)
vocative सत् (sat) सन्ती (sántī)
सती (sátī)
सन्ति (santi)

Derived terms

References