हृदय
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हृदय हृदय
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Doublet of हिया (hiyā).
Pronunciation
Noun
हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی)
Declension
Declension of हृदय (masc cons-stem)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- हृदयाघात (hŕdayāghāt, “heart attack”)
- हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
- हृदयग्राही (hŕdayagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
- हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
- विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
- मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Compare Old Marathi हृदा (hṛdā).
Pronunciation
Noun
हृदय • (hŕday) n
Declension
| Declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
हृदय hruday | ||
| direct plural |
हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hŕdya | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
हृदय hruday |
हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hŕdya | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
हृदया hrudayā |
हृदयां- hrudayān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
हृदयाला hrudayālā |
हृदयांना hrudayānnā | |
| ergative | हृदयाने, हृदयानं hrudayāne, hrudayāna |
हृदयांनी hrudayānnī | |
| instrumental | हृदयाशी hrudayāśī |
हृदयांशी hrudayānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
हृदयात hrudayāt |
हृदयांत hrudayāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
हृदया hrudayā |
हृदयांनो hrudayānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
हृदयाचा hrudayāċā |
हृदयाचे hrudayāċe |
हृदयाची hrudayācī |
हृदयाच्या hrudayācā |
हृदयाचे, हृदयाचं hrudayāċe, hrudayāċa |
हृदयाची hrudayācī |
हृदयाच्या hrudayācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
हृदयांचा hrudayānċā |
हृदयांचे hrudayānċe |
हृदयांची hrudayāñcī |
हृदयांच्या hrudayāncā |
हृदयांचे, हृदयांचं hrudayānċe, hrudayānċa |
हृदयांची hrudayāñcī |
हृदयांच्या hrudayāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- हृदय विकाराचा झटका (hŕday vikārācā jhaṭkā, “heart attack”)
- हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted”)
See also
- धमनी (dhamnī, “artery”)
- नस (nas, “vein”)
- रक्ताभिसरण (raktābhisraṇ, “blood circulation”)
- रक्तदाब (raktadāb, “blood pressure”)
- रक्तपुरवठा (raktapuravṭhā, “blood supply”)
- रक्तपेढी (raktapeḍhī, “blood bank”)
- रक्तपेशी (raktapeśī, “blood cell”)
- रक्तवाहिनी (raktavāhinī, “blood vessel”)
- शीर (śīr, “vein”)
Nepali
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya).
Pronunciation
Noun
हृदय • (hr̥daya)
See also
- मुटु (muṭu)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- হৃদয় (Assamese script)
- ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (Balinese script)
- হৃদয় (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰴𑰟𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑀾𑀤𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- ဟၖဒယ (Burmese script)
- હૃદય (Gujarati script)
- ਹ੍ਰਦਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌹𑍃𑌦𑌯 (Grantha script)
- ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (Javanese script)
- 𑂯𑃂𑂠𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- ಹೃದಯ (Kannada script)
- ហ្ឫទយ (Khmer script)
- ຫ຺ຣິທຍ (Lao script)
- ഹൃദയ (Malayalam script)
- ᡥᡵᡳᡩᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠷᠢᢑᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧎𑧖𑦿𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑐺𑐡𑐫 (Newa script)
- ହୃଦଯ (Odia script)
- ꢲꢺꢣꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑆸𑆢𑆪 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖴𑖟𑖧 (Siddham script)
- හෘදය (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪂𑩙𑩭𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚩𑚛𑚣 (Takri script)
- ஹ்ரித³ய (Tamil script)
- హృదయ (Telugu script)
- หฺฤทย (Thai script)
- ཧྲྀ་ད་ཡ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑒵𑒠𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨱𑨼𑨉𑨛𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdìs; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart).
Pronunciation
Noun
हृदय • (hṛ́daya) stem, n
- (anatomy) the heart
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.53.8:
- यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
तया॑ समस्य॒ हृद॑य॒मा रि॑ख किकि॒रा कृ॑णु ॥- yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
táyā samasya hṛ́dayamā́ rikha kikirā́ kṛṇu. - Resplendent Pūṣan, with that food-propelling goad which you bear, abrade the heart of every miser, and render it relaxed.
- yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
- यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
- soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.9.6:
- वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् ।
वि मे॒ मन॑श्चरति दू॒रआ॑धी॒: किं स्वि॑द्व॒क्ष्यामि॒ किमु॒ नू म॑निष्ये ॥- ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát.
ví me mánaścarati dūráādhī: kíṃ svidvakṣyā́mi kímu nū́ maniṣye. - Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?
- ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát.
- वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् ।
- the heart or interior of the body
- (figuratively) the heart, centre, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛ́daya) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदयम् hṛ́dayam |
हृदये hṛ́daye |
हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹ |
| Vocative | हृदय hṛ́daya |
हृदये hṛ́daye |
हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹ |
| Accusative | हृदयम् hṛ́dayam |
हृदये hṛ́daye |
हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹ |
| Instrumental | हृदयेन hṛ́dayena |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām |
हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛ́dayaiḥ / hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हृदयाय hṛ́dayāya |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām |
हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हृदयात् hṛ́dayāt |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām |
हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हृदयस्य hṛ́dayasya |
हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ |
हृदयानाम् hṛ́dayānām |
| Locative | हृदये hṛ́daye |
हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ |
हृदयेषु hṛ́dayeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)
- Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)
- Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)
- → Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
- Pali: hadaya
- Punjabi: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā), ਹੀਆ (hīā)
- Romani: ilo
- → Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy)
- → Bengali: হৃদয় (hridoẏ)
- → Hindi: हृदय (hŕday)
- → Old Javanese: hṛdaya
- → Old Javanese: darya, daya
- → Marathi: हृदय (hŕday)
- → Tamil: இதயம் (itayam)
- → Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
- → Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)
Adjective
हृदय • (hṛdaya) stem
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛdaya) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदयः hṛdayaḥ |
हृदयौ / हृदया¹ hṛdayau / hṛdayā¹ |
हृदयाः / हृदयासः¹ hṛdayāḥ / hṛdayāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | हृदय hṛdaya |
हृदयौ / हृदया¹ hṛdayau / hṛdayā¹ |
हृदयाः / हृदयासः¹ hṛdayāḥ / hṛdayāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | हृदयम् hṛdayam |
हृदयौ / हृदया¹ hṛdayau / hṛdayā¹ |
हृदयान् hṛdayān |
| Instrumental | हृदयेन hṛdayena |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛdayaiḥ / hṛdayebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हृदयाय hṛdayāya |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हृदयात् hṛdayāt |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हृदयस्य hṛdayasya |
हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ |
हृदयानाम् hṛdayānām |
| Locative | हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ |
हृदयेषु hṛdayeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदया (hṛdayā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदया hṛdayā |
हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदयाः hṛdayāḥ |
| Vocative | हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदयाः hṛdayāḥ |
| Accusative | हृदयाम् hṛdayām |
हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदयाः hṛdayāḥ |
| Instrumental | हृदयया / हृदया¹ hṛdayayā / hṛdayā¹ |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयाभिः hṛdayābhiḥ |
| Dative | हृदयायै hṛdayāyai |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयाभ्यः hṛdayābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हृदयायाः / हृदयायै² hṛdayāyāḥ / hṛdayāyai² |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयाभ्यः hṛdayābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हृदयायाः / हृदयायै² hṛdayāyāḥ / hṛdayāyai² |
हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ |
हृदयानाम् hṛdayānām |
| Locative | हृदयायाम् hṛdayāyām |
हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ |
हृदयासु hṛdayāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛdaya) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | हृदयम् hṛdayam |
हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛdayāni / hṛdayā¹ |
| Vocative | हृदय hṛdaya |
हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛdayāni / hṛdayā¹ |
| Accusative | हृदयम् hṛdayam |
हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛdayāni / hṛdayā¹ |
| Instrumental | हृदयेन hṛdayena |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛdayaiḥ / hṛdayebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | हृदयाय hṛdayāya |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | हृदयात् hṛdayāt |
हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām |
हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | हृदयस्य hṛdayasya |
हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ |
हृदयानाम् hṛdayānām |
| Locative | हृदये hṛdaye |
हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ |
हृदयेषु hṛdayeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/3.
- “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
- Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 818