ἵππος

• ἴκκος (íkkos) (mentioned only in the Byzantine Etymologicum Magnum)
• ἴππος (íppos) — Aeolic

From Proto-Hellenic *íkkʷos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀦 (i-qo)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, from *h₁oh₁ḱu- (“swift”). Unexplained is ι for ε, the word initial heavy breathing (h) and the double π (hίππος instead of expected **έπος), possibly borrowed from another Indo-European language where such a sound change is regular. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Latin equus, Lithuanian ašva, Gaulish epos, Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Old English eoh, and Old Irish ech.

ῐ̔́ππος • (híppos) m or f (genitive ῐ̔́ππου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

1. a horse, (feminine) a mare
   • New Testament, Revelation 6:8:

     καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος χλωρός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ὄνομα αὐτῷ Θάνατος, καὶ ὁ ἅδης ἠκολούθει μετ' αὐτοῦ

     kaì eîdon, kaì idoù híppos khlōrós, kaì ho kathḗmenos epánō autoû ónoma autôi [ho] Thánatos, kaì ho hádēs ēkoloúthei met' autoû

     And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. (KJV)

2. (feminine) cavalry, horsemen

• When used as a collective noun ("horse, cavalry"), this word is always feminine singular, even with numerals.

  460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.41:

  μετὰ δὲ ἵππος ἄλλη χιλίη ἐκ Περσέων ἀπολελεγμένη

  metà dè híppos állē khilíē ek Perséōn apolelegménē

  and after them came another thousand horsemen chosen out from the Persians

• Greek: ίππος (íppos)
• → English: hippo-
• → French: hippo-
• → Italian: ippo-

• “ἵππος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἵππος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἵππος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἵππος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἵππος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἵππος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2462 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • cavalry idem, page 119.
  • charger idem, page 125.
  • chivalry idem, page 131.
  • horse idem, page 406.
  • mare idem, page 514.