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The Greek letters kappa-rho with an abbreviation stroke at bottom, for Κρόνος(Krónos), the Greek equivalent to the Roman god Saturn. The cross at top was added later, to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.[1]
Use of ♄ for Saturday, on the left side of the calendar dial of this 16th-century clock-calendar, just above the day-of-the-week hand.
1650, Paracelsus, “Of the Nature of Things”, in John French, transl., A New Light of Alchymie, page 74:
If thou wilt turne ♄ into ♃ make plates of ♄, ſtrow them with Salt Armoniack, cement, and melt them, as aboveſaid, ſo will all the blackneſſe, and darkneſſe bee taken away from the Lead, and it will be in whiteneſſe like fair Engliſh Tin.
c.1653-1656, George Starkey, translated by William R. Newman, Lawrence M. Principe, Alchemical Laboratory Notebooks and Correspondence, University of Chicago Press, published 2004, pages 104, 209:
Ideo ☾ perpetuò quasi semine est semper multiplicabilis in veram ☾ quae non perit in ♄i Examine. In quo ♄o notabile est, 1o quod durior sit, ac proinde licet malleabile, tamen frangi potest, nec tam bene ac ♄us naturalis malleari possit.
In which Saturn is notable: First, that it is harder, and therefore although it is malleable, yet it can be broken, and cannot be hammered so well as natural Saturn. Therefore Luna , as though by a perennial seed, is always multiplicable into true Luna that does not perish upon examination with Saturn .
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Late Classical and Medieval forms
A ligature of ϰ and ϱ for Kronos
The Saturn symbol before the cross was added
A decorative variant in the Netherlands
As a symbol for lead
An abstract variant
Symbol on a royal-blue background
Mariner logo
Transit of Saturn.png)
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