あくび
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Japanese
Etymology 1
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 欠 欠伸 |
Possibly from Old Japanese; first attested in the 新撰字鏡 (Shinsen Jikyō, “Newly Compiled Mirror of Characters”) of 898–901 CE.[1]
Appears to be derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb あくぶ,[1][2] although this verb form isn't attested until the 枕草子 (Makura Sōshi, “The Pillow Book”) of 1002.[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
- 欠, 欠伸: a yawn, yawning
- 欠伸は移るよ
- akubi wa utsuru yo
- A yawn can be contagious, isn't it
- 欠伸は移るよ
- 欠: the 欠 element in kanji characters
Derived terms
Idioms
Verb
あくびする • (akubi suru) intransitive suru (stem あくびし (akubi shi), past あくびした (akubi shita))
- to yawn
Conjugation
Conjugation of "あくびする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | あくびし | akubi shi | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | あくびし | akubi shi | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | あくびする | akubi suru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | あくびする | akubi suru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | あくびすれ | akubi sure | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | あくびせよ¹ あくびしろ² |
akubi seyo¹ akubi shiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | あくびされる | akubi sareru | ||
| Causative | あくびさせる あくびさす |
akubi saseru akubi sasu | ||
| Potential | あくびできる | akubi dekiru | ||
| Volitional | あくびしよう | akubi shiyō | ||
| Negative | あくびしない | akubi shinai | ||
| Negative continuative | あくびせず | akubi sezu | ||
| Formal | あくびします | akubi shimasu | ||
| Perfective | あくびした | akubi shita | ||
| Conjunctive | あくびして | akubi shite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | あくびすれば | akubi sureba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of あくび – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, あくび (akubi), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as あくび, see Category:Japanese kanji read as あくび.) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN