あたたかい

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Japanese

Alternative spellings
暖かい
温かい

Etymology

Shift in usage from older -na adjective form あたたか (atataka).[1][2] First cited in 1703.[3]

Via root あたた (atata-), cognate with 温める (atatameru, to warm something, transitive) and 温まる (atatamaru, to get warm, intransitive).

Pronunciation

Adjective

あたたかい (atatakai-i (adverbial あたたかく (atatakaku))

  1. physically warm
  2. financially well off, rich
  3. thoughtful, understanding, emotionally warm

Usage notes

  • Depending on the author, the different kanji spellings might be used to distinguish specific nuances of meaning. (あたた)かい (atatakai) may emphasize "surrounding warmth", primarily the temperature of the weather, but also a warm and cozy sweater or futon (as opposed to one that is physically hot, such as from the dryer or heated by an electric blanket). By contrast, (あたた)かい (atatakai) emphasizes the temperature of objects or the subjective impression of feelings.

Inflection

Antonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 あたたか・い 【暖・温】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN