ある

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存在動詞

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From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ari. Compare the classical form 有(あ)り (ari).

• (Tokyo) ある (Atamadaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

ある • (aru) intransitive godan (stem あり (ari), past あった (atta))

1. to exist, to be, to have
   1. 有る:^{[note 1]} (inanimate) to exist, be in existence

      Synonym: 存在する (sonzai suru)

      日(に)本(ほん)には多(おお)くの神(じん)社(じゃ)がある。

      Nihon ni wa ōku no jinja ga aru.

      There are many shrines in Japan.

   2. 在る:^{[note 1]} (inanimate) to be at a location; to be located

      Synonym: 位置する (ichi suru)

      テーブルの上(うえ)に植(うえ)木(き)鉢(ばち)があります。

      Tēburu no ue ni uekibachi ga arimasu.

      The flowerpot is on top of the table.

      汝(なんじ)に幸(さち)あれ。

      Nanji ni sachi are.

      I wish you happiness.

      (literally, “May happiness be with you.”)

   3. 有る: (animate) to exist, with the existence considered objective and abstract

      Synonyms: 存在する (sonzai suru), おる (oru, “to exist (in a subjective sense)”)

      昔(むかし)々(むかし)、おじいさんとおばあさんがありました。

      Mukashimukashi, ojīsan to obāsan ga arimashita.

      Once upon a time, there was an old man and an old woman.

   4. 有る: to happen, occur; to be performed, carried out

      Synonyms: 起こる (okoru), 発生する (hassei suru), 出来する (shuttai suru), 行われる (okonawareru)

      何(なに)かあったら連(れん)絡(らく)してください。

      Nanika attara renraku shite kudasai.

      If anything happens, please call me.

      今(こん)晩(ばん)、会(かい)議(ぎ)があります。

      Konban, kaigi ga arimasu.

      There is a meeting tonight.

   5. 在る: to be put in a certain location, position or situation

      彼女(かのじょ)は新(あたら)しい職(しょく)にある。

      Kanojo wa atarashī shoku ni aru.

      She is in a new position.

      彼(かれ)は今(いま)逆(ぎゃっ)境(きょう)にある。

      Kare wa ima gyakkyō ni aru.

      He is put currently in difficult circumstances.

   6. 有る: to have a certain number, amount, size, etc.

      開(かい)幕(まく)まで一(いっ)週(しゅう)間(かん)ある。

      Kaimaku made isshūkan aru.

      There is one week until the opening.

      2(に) GB(ギガバイト)もある ― ni gigabaito mo aru ― To have an entire 2 gigabytes large

   7. 有る: (of time) to pass, go by

      あの日(ひ)からもう数(すう)年(ねん)がある。

      Ano hi kara mō sūnen ga aru.

      There are several years since that day.

2. 有る: (of a matter or state) to be recognized, be acknowledged

   近(きん)年(ねん)、物(ぶっ)価(か)の上(じょう)昇(しょう)にある。

   Kinnen, bukka no jōshō ni aru.

   It is known that prices have been rising in recent years.

   (literally, “In recent years, price rise is recognized.”)

3. 在る: to depend on, lie in, be influenced by

   Synonym: 左右される (sayū sareru)

   成(せい)功(こう)の秘(ひ)訣(けつ)は努(ど)力(りょく)にある。

   Seikō no hiketsu wa doryoku ni aru.

   The secret to success lies in hard work.

4. 在る: to be alive, surviving

   世(よ)にある間(あいだ)

   yo ni aru aida

   during one's lifetime

   (literally, “while alive in the world”)

5. to have
   1. 有る: to be owned, be possessed

      車(くるま)がある。

      Kuruma ga aru.

      I have a car.

   2. 有る: to be a characteristic or ability; to be included as a part

      Synonyms: 備わる (sonawaru), 含まれる (fukumareru)

      歌(うた)う才(さい)能(のう)がある

      utau sainō ga aru

      have the talent for singing

      教(きょう)養(よう)がある ― kyōyō ga aru ― be culturally refined (literally, “cultural refinement exists”)

   3. 有る: (of thoughts, emotions or sensations) to be felt

      言(い)いたいことがある。

      Iitai koto ga aru.

      I have something to say.

      (literally, “(The feeling) that I want to say exists.”)

      私(わたし)には不(ふ)安(あん)がある。

      Watashi ni wa fuan ga aru.

      I have anxiety.

   4. (auxiliary, after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative form) of an adjective sometimes followed by a particle) Indicating that something has a particular quality or is in a particular state

      その料(りょう)理(り)は辛(から)くある。

      Sono ryōri wa karaku aru.

      That dish is spicily flavored.

6. (auxiliary, after the conjunctive て (te) form of a transitive verb)
   1. Indicating that the result of a certain action or behavior has continued until now.

      ドアが閉(し)めてある。

      Doa ga shimete aru.

      The door is closed (and remains closed).

   2. Indicating that something is done in advance

      旅(りょ)行(こう)に行(い)く前(まえ)に、荷(に)物(もつ)を詰(つ)めてある。

      Ryokō ni iku mae ni, nimotsu o tsumete aru.

      I've packed my luggage (in advance) before going on a trip.

7. (auxiliary, after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative form) of a verb followed by つつ (tsutsu)) Indicating that the action or effect is currently ongoing.

   彼女(かのじょ)の体(たい)調(ちょう)は徐(じょ)々(じょ)に回(かい)復(ふく)しつつある。

   Kanojo no taichō wa jojoni kaifuku shitsutsu aru.

   Her health condition is gradually improving.

8. (auxiliary, after a noun followed by で (de)) Judging that something has a certain nature or state based on its explanation; or simply expressing assertion (see: である (de aru))

   ロバは馬(うま)と同(どう)族(ぞく)である。

   Roba wa uma to dōzoku de aru.

   The donkey belongs to the same family as the horse.

   この仕(し)事(ごと)は簡(かん)単(たん)ではあるが、単(たん)調(ちょう)だ。

   Kono shigoto wa kantan de wa aru ga, tanchō da.

   Easy as the job is, it's monotonous.

9. (auxiliary, after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative form) of a verb or a Sino-Japanese action noun which is usually prefixed with お (o) or ご (go) respectively) Expressing respect toward the person performing the action

   おいであれ。

   O-ide are.

   Please come.

   ご理(り)解(かい)あるとありがたいです。

   Go-rikai aru to arigatai desu.

   It would be greatly appreciated if there is understanding (from you).

• Various combinations with the term have certain meanings:
  • Used after と (to, quotation particle), meaning “to say; to give information”, similar to という (to iu).

    メモには午(ご)後(ご)二(に)時(じ)に来(らい)社(しゃ)するとある。

    Memo ni wa gogo ni-ji ni raisha suru to aru.

    On the memo it says "Come to the company at 2 p.m."

  • Used in the form とあって (to atte), meaning “due to (the situation or result)”, which is more formal than だから (dakara).

    このイベントは、無(む)料(りょう)で参(さん)加(か)できるとあって、多(おお)くの人(ひと)が集(あつ)まった。

    Kono ibento wa, muryō de sanka dekiru to atte, ōku no hito ga atsumatta.

    Many people gathered for this event due to the fact that it was free to participate.

  • Used in the form だけある (dake aru) or だけのことはある (dake no koto wa aru), expressing that a suitable state or result can be obtained, which roughly translates as “as expected; it is no surprise”.

    彼女(かのじょ)は有(ゆう)名(めい)大(だい)学(がく)を出(で)ているだけあって、とても頭(あたま)がいい。

    Kanojo wa yūmei daigaku o dete iru dake atte, totemo atama ga ii.

    As expected from someone who graduated from a famous university, she is very intelligent.

  • Used in the form ことがある (koto ga aru), indicating a possible reaction to or result from a situation, or referring to experience, literally “There exists that ...”.

    練(れん)習(しゅう)すれば上(じょう)達(たつ)することがある。

    Renshū sureba jōtatsu suru koto ga aru.

    If you practice, you may improve.

    日(に)本(ほん)に行(い)ったことがありますか。

    Nihon ni itta koto ga arimasu ka.

    Have you ever been to Japan?

  • Used in the form にあって (ni atte), meaning “in terms of; within the context of”.

    世(せ)界(かい)的(てき)なパンデミックにあって、人(ひと)々(びと)はマスクや手(て)洗(あら)いをすることが重(じゅう)要(よう)です。

    Sekai-teki na pandemikku ni atte, hitobito wa masuku ya tearai o suru koto ga jūyō desu.

    During the global pandemic, it is important for people to wear masks and wash their hands.

  • Used in the form にしてある (ni shite aru), indicating that someone is intentionally considering something as if it were a certain way, even if it is not actually so.

    彼女(かのじょ)は結(けっ)婚(こん)していないが、既(すで)に結(けっ)婚(こん)した気(き)分(ぶん)にしてある。

    Kanojo wa kekkon shite inai ga, sudeni kekkon shita kibun ni shite aru.

    She's not married yet, but she already feels as if she were.

• 気(き)がある (ki ga aru)

• いる (iru) (animate objects)
• だ (da), です (desu)
• ござる (gozaru)

The 連(れん)体(たい)形(けい) (rentaikei, “adnominal form”) of the classical verb 有(あ)り (ari, “to exist”).

• (Tokyo) ある (Atamadaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

ある • (aru) 

1. certain, one, some

   ある政(せい)治(じ)家(か)がそう言(い)った。

   Aru seijika ga sō itta.

   A certain politician said so.

(The following entries are uncreated: 生る, 荒る.)