どこ

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See also: どご, とこ, and とご

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
何処
何所

⟨iduku⟩ → /id͡zuku/ → /id͡zuko/ → /idoko/ → /doko/

Shift from earlier いどこ (idoko) and いずこ (izuko), ultimately from Old Japanese-derived いずく (izuku) of the same meaning; by analogy of pronouns ここ (koko) and そこ (soko) having two morae in length, therefore the drop of the initial i-.

Compare the shift of いずち (izuchi) → どちら (dochira).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

どこ • (doko) 

  1. indefinite interrogative pronoun:
    1. points to unknown or unspecified locations: where..., which ...
      新(しん)宿(じゅく)駅(えき)はどこですか。 ― Shinjuku-eki wa doko desu ka. ― Where is Shinjuku Station?
      アメリカの首(しゅ)都(と)はどこですか。 ― Amerika no shuto wa doko desu ka. ― Which city is the capital of the United States?
      どこが痛(いた)いですか。 ― doko ga itai desu ka. ― Which part of your body aches?
    2. points to objects belonging to an uncertain group: which ...
      今(こん)夜(や)はどことどこが戦(たたか)いますか。 ― Kon'ya wa doko to doko ga tatakaimasu ka. ― Which team plays which tonight?
  2. (added before a particle) indefinite demonstrative pronoun: anywhere, everywhere, somewhere
Usage notes
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Proverbs
See also
Japanese demonstratives
ko-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		so-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		do-
“which”
(indeterminate, question)
Object これ (kore) それ (sore) あれ (are) どれ (dore)
これら (korera) それら (sorera) あれら (arera) —
Determiner この (kono) その (sono) あの (ano) どの (dono)
これらの (korera no) それらの (sorera no) あれらの (arera no) —
Kind こんな (konna) そんな (sonna) あんな (anna) どんな (donna)
こういう (kō iu) そういう (sō iu) ああいう (ā iu) どういう (dō iu)
Place ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あそこ (asoko)* どこ (doko)
こっから (kokkara) そっから (sokkara) — どっから (dokkara)
Direction / Human こちら (kochira) そちら (sochira) あちら (achira) どちら (dochira)
こなた (konata) そなた (sonata) あなた (anata) どなた (donata)
Direction こっち (kotchi) そっち (sotchi) あっち (atchi) どっち (dotchi)
Human こいつ (koitsu)† そいつ (soitsu)† あいつ (aitsu)† どいつ (doitsu)†
Manner こう (kō) そう (sō) ああ (ā)** どう (dō)
Degree これくらい (kore kurai) それくらい (sore kurai) あれくらい (are kurai) どれくらい (dore kurai)
これだけ (kore dake) それだけ (sore dake) あれだけ (are dake) どれだけ (dore dake)
これほど (kore hodo) それほど (sore hodo) あれほど (are hodo) どれほど (dore hodo)
* irregular
** regular (long vowel)
† potentially rude or derogatory
The kanji 此(こ) (ko), 其(そ) (so), 彼(あ) (a), and 何(ど) (do) can be used for determiners, but they are almost always spelled in hiragana.

Adverb

どこ • (doko) 

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

Alternative spelling
所

First cited to a 洒落本 (sharebon) text in 1790.[2]

The suffix senses are derived from the rendaku (連濁) form of とこ (-toko), a colloquial stem indicating a circumstance, moment, place, point, and many others.[2]

Particle

どこ • (doko) 

  1. (informal, with a usually negative sentence) Short for どころ (dokoro): indicates rejection to an out of the question word or phrase: the extent of, the place of, the time of
Derived terms

Suffix

どこ • (-doko) 

  1. (attached to nouns, stem forms of verbs, or stems of adjectives) expresses equivalence, worth, etc.: befitting..., deserving..., worthy of...
  2. (after a personal pronoun) one's family, home, or household

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of どこ – see the following entries: 土戸, 土鼓, 奴袴

(The following entries are uncreated: 土戸, 土鼓, 奴袴.)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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