もろこし

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
唐土
唐

⟨mo2ro2 ko1si⟩ → ⟨moro2ko1si⟩ → */morəkosi/ → /morokoɕi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Originally a compound of 諸 (moro-, prefix meaning "many") +‎ 越 (koshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 越す (kosu, “to cross (over)”),[1] by reinterpretation of kun-reading 越 (koshi) from on-reading of 越 (Etsu).[2] The compound refers to the 百越 (Bǎi Yuè, “Baiyue”, literally “Hundred Yue”),[3] a collective name for various ethnic groups which inhabited Southern China.

The kanji spellings 唐土 and 唐 are jukujikun (熟字訓), literally meaning “Tang land” and “Tang” respectively.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

もろこし • (Morokoshi) 

  1. (archaic) China
    Synonyms: 唐土 (Tōdo), 唐 (Tō), 唐 (Kara), (modern) 中国 (Chūgoku)

Noun

もろこし • (morokoshi) 

  1. (archaic) any objects imported from China
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Alternative spellings
蜀黍
唐黍
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もろこし (morokoshi, “sorghum”)
もろこし (morokoshi, “maize”)

Clipping of もろこしきび (morokoshi kibi), with the shortened reading then re-applied to the entire original kanji compounds 唐黍 and 蜀黍.[5]

Pronunciation

Noun

もろこし or モロコシ • (morokoshi) 

  1. sorghum
    Synonyms: 唐黍 (tōkibi), 高黍 (takakibi), 蜀黍 (shokusho)
  2. maize, corn (especially corn on the cob)
    Synonyms: 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi), 唐黍 (tōkibi)
Usage notes

The term 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi) is more common for the maize sense.

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ “唐土・唐”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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