丁寧

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Chinese

Etymology 1

4th heavenly stem; man; people
4th heavenly stem; man; people; little cube; surname
 
 peaceful; rather; Ningxia (abbrev.)
trad. (丁寧) 丁 寧
simp. (丁宁) 丁 宁
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Pronunciation

Rime
Character 丁 寧
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 青 (125) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV IV
Fanqie 當經切 奴丁切
Baxter teng neng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/teŋ/ /neŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/teŋ/ /neŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛŋ/ /nɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛjŋ/ /nɛjŋ/
Li
Rong 		/teŋ/ /neŋ/
Wang
Li 		/tieŋ/ /nieŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tieŋ/ /nieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dīng níng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ding1 ning4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丁 丁 寧
Reading # 1/3 2/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dīng dīng níng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ teng › ‹ teng › ‹ neng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁeŋ/ /*tˁeŋ/ /*nˁeŋ/
English 4th heavenly stem nail (n.) peace

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丁 寧
Reading # 2/2 1/1
No. 2378 9556
Phonetic
component 		丁 寧
Rime
group 		耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丁 寧
Old
Chinese 		/*teːŋ/ /*neːŋ/
Notes 釘（鋌塊）初文

Noun

丁寧

  1. (historical) narrow bell-shaped copper percussion instrument connected to a long handle and struck with a mallet, used in battle to halt or recall troops
    Synonym: 鉦／钲 (zhēng)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 丁寧 – see 叮嚀 (“to exhort; to urge; to advise repeatedly; repeated advice; urging; admonition”).
(This term is a variant form of 叮嚀).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
丁 寧
てい
Grade: 3 		ねい
Grade: S
kan'on
Alternative spelling
叮嚀

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 叮嚀 (MC teng neng).

Originally meant a musical instrument used in the ancient Chinese military to signal vigilance or caution.

Pronunciation

Adjective

丁(てい)寧(ねい) • (teinei) -na (adnominal 丁(てい)寧(ねい)な (teinei na), adverbial 丁(てい)寧(ねい)に (teinei ni))

  1. polite, civil, courteous
    丁(てい)寧(ねい)な言(こと)葉(ば)遣(づか)いで話(はな)す
    teinei na kotobazukai de hanasu
    speak with polite language
  2. careful
  3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Inflection

Inflection of 丁寧
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 丁寧だろ ていねいだろ teinei daro
Continuative (連用形) 丁寧で ていねいで teinei de
Terminal (終止形) 丁寧だ ていねいだ teinei da
Attributive (連体形) 丁寧な ていねいな teinei na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 丁寧なら ていねいなら teinei nara
Imperative (命令形) 丁寧であれ ていねいであれ teinei de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 丁寧ではない
丁寧じゃない 		ていねいではない
ていねいじゃない 		teinei de wa nai
teinei ja nai
Informal past 丁寧だった ていねいだった teinei datta
Informal negative past 丁寧ではなかった
丁寧じゃなかった 		ていねいではなかった
ていねいじゃなかった 		teinei de wa nakatta
teinei ja nakatta
Formal 丁寧です ていねいです teinei desu
Formal negative 丁寧ではありません
丁寧じゃありません 		ていねいではありません
ていねいじゃありません 		teinei de wa arimasen
teinei ja arimasen
Formal past 丁寧でした ていねいでした teinei deshita
Formal negative past 丁寧ではありませんでした
丁寧じゃありませんでした 		ていねいではありませんでした
ていねいじゃありませんでした 		teinei de wa arimasen deshita
teinei ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 丁寧で ていねいで teinei de
Conditional 丁寧なら（ば） ていねいなら（ば） teinei nara (ba)
Provisional 丁寧だったら ていねいだったら teinei dattara
Volitional 丁寧だろう ていねいだろう teinei darō
Adverbial 丁寧に ていねいに teinei ni
Degree 丁寧さ ていねいさ teineisa
Classical conjugation of "丁寧なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 丁寧なら ていねいなら teinei nara
Continuative (連用形) 丁寧に
丁寧なり		 ていねいに
ていねいなり		 teinei ni
teinei nari
Terminal (終止形) 丁寧なり ていねいなり teinei nari
Attributive (連体形) 丁寧なる ていねいなる teinei naru
Realis (已然形) 丁寧なれ ていねいなれ teinei nare
Imperative (命令形) 丁寧なれ ていねいなれ teinei nare
Key constructions
Negative 丁寧ならず ていねいならず teinei narazu
Contrasting conjunction 丁寧なれど ていねいなれど teinei naredo
Causal conjunction 丁寧なれば ていねいなれば teinei nareba
Conditional conjunction 丁寧ならば ていねいならば teinei naraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 丁寧なりき ていねいなりき teinei nariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 丁寧なりけり ていねいなりけり teinei narikeri
Adverbial 丁寧に ていねいに teinei ni
Without auxiliary verb.
With auxiliary verb.

Noun

丁(てい)寧(ねい) • (teinei) 

  1. politeness, courteousness
  2. care
  3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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