丂

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丂 U+4E02, 丂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E02
← 丁
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 七 →

Translingual

Han character

丂 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一女尸 (MVS), four-corner 10207, composition ⿱一㇉)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 75, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E02

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 丂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丂
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Ming typeface
j11554
j11555
b07078
b07079
b07080
b07081
b07082
b07083
b07084
b07085
b07086
s03499
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丂 *kʰluːʔ
攷 *kʰluːʔ
考 *kʰluːʔ
烤 *kʰluːʔ
拷 *kʰluːʔ
栲 *kʰluːʔ
洘 *kʰluːʔ
銬 *kʰluːs
巧 *kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs
朽 *qʰluʔ

Conflation of several characters:

  1. Pictogram (象形) - axe handle; original character of 柯 (OC *kaːl) (漢語多功能字庫). Compare 斤 (jīn) which is a pictogram for the full axe.
  2. Pictogram (象形) - cane; original character of 杖 (OC *daŋʔ) (李春桃.甲骨文中的“丂”字新釋.甲骨文與殷商史(新十輯),2020:253-264.)
  3. Simplified from 考 (OC *kʰluːʔ), which is ideogrammic compound with cane (see above) as a component.
  4. Variant of 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (exhaled air or an ancient wind instrument).

Etymology 1

The definition of ‘appearance of air that is to be released’ is provided by Shuowen (treated as 𠃑 + 一) as an origin of the glyph, but considered suspect by modern linguists.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 丂
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦浩切
Baxter khawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰawX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰɑuX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰɑuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丂
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khawX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qʰˁuʔ/ (Shuōwén; no pre-Qín exx.)
English to sob

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丂
Reading # 1/1
No. 7402
Phonetic
component 		丂
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		考
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰluːʔ/
Notes 古文考

Definitions

丂

  1. ‡ the appearance of air which is to be released

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 丂 – see 于 (“to go to; at; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient variant form of 于).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 丂 – see 考 (“to examine; to check; to study; to investigate; etc.”).
(This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 考).

References

Japanese

Kanji

丂

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. obstruction of breath

Readings

Korean

Hanja

丂 (eumhun 공교할 교 (gonggyohal gyo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

Readings

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