三十

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Chinese

three ten
simp. and trad.
(三十) 		三 十
alternative forms 參拾／参拾 financial
弎拾 financial; obsolete
anagram 十三
Chinese cardinal numbers
 <  29 30 31  > 
    Cardinal : 三十 (sānshí)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 三 十
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 談 (143) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 蘇甘切 是執切
Baxter sam dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑm/ /d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑm/ /d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑm/ /d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sam/ /d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong 		/sɑm/ /ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/sɑm/ /ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/sɑm/ /ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sān shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saam1 sap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 三 十
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sān shí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sam › ‹ dzyip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?) /*t.əp/
English three ten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 三 十
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 10963 11452
Phonetic
component 		三 十
Rime
group 		侵 緝
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		三 十
Old
Chinese 		/*suːm/ /*ɡjub/

Numeral

三十

  1. thirty; 30
    我昨天收到了三十多條垃圾短信。 [MSC, trad.]
    我昨天收到了三十多条垃圾短信。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ zuótiān shōudào le sānshí duō tiáo lājī duǎnxìn.
    I received over 30 spam text messages yesterday.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (三十):
  • → Japanese: 三十(さんじゅう) (sanjū)
  • → Korean: 삼십(三十) (samsip)

Japanese

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  29 30 31  > 
    Cardinal : 三十

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
三 十
さん
Grade: 1 		じゅう
Grade: 1
on'yomi

*/sanzipu/ → /sanʑifu/ → /sanʑiu/ → /sand͡ʑuː/

From Middle Chinese 三十 (MC sam dzyip). Analyzable as 三 (san, “three”) + 十 (jū, “ten”).

Pronunciation

Noun

三(さん)十(じゅう) • (sanjū) ←さんじふ (sanzifu)?

  1. thirty
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
三 十
み
Grade: 1 		そ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨mi1so1⟩ → /miso/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 三 (mi, “three”) +‎ 十 (so, “ten”).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

三(み)十(そ) • (miso) 

  1. thirty
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
三 十
Grade: 1 Grade: 1
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 三十 – see the following entry.
【みそち】
(obsolete) thirty
(obsolete) thirty years of age
Alternative spellings
三十歳, 三十路
(This term, 三十, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
三 十
Grade: 1 Grade: 1
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 三十 – see the following entry.
【みそじ】
(uncommon) thirty
(uncommon) thirty years of age
Alternative spellings
三十歳, 三十路
(This term, 三十, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
三十

Numeral

三十 • (samsip) (hangeul 삼십)

  1. hanja form? of 삼십 (“thirty”)
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