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U+4E42, 乂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E42

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 4, 丿+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input (K) or 難大 (XK), four-corner 40000, composition 丿)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 81, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 111
  • Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 31, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E42

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) — a tool similar to a knife (Li Xueqing, 2012).

Etymology

Sense "regulate, govern, orderly" is derived from "to mow, cut, reap"; this sense's origin is ambiguous, possibly from "to cut" > "to trim", etc. (Schuessler, 2007). If so, see () for etymology.

Alternatively, from () (ibid.)

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (27)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ngjojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨɐiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋiɐiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɨajH/
Li
Rong
/ŋiɐiH/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭɐiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯ɐiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ngai6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjojH › ‹ ngjojH ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋa-s/ /*ŋa-s/
English mow, cut (v.) mow; regulate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14957
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋads/

Definitions

  1. Original form of (, “to weed; to mow”).
  2. to govern; to control; to manage; to regulate
  3. to nurture

Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

  1. to discipline; to punish

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

(eumhun (bel ye))
(eumhun 다스릴 (daseuril ye))

  1. (obsolete) hanja form? of (to weed; to mow)
  2. (obsolete) Alternative form of (hanja form? of (to weed; to mow))
  3. (obsolete) hanja form? of (to govern; to control; to manage)
  4. (obsolete) Alternative form of (hanja form? of (to govern; to control; to manage))

Etymology 2

Hanja

(eumhun 징계할 (jinggyehal ae))

  1. (obsolete) hanja form? of (to discipline; to punish)

References

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: nghệ, ngải

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References