. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order
Han character
之 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿 +3 in traditional Chinese and Korean , 丿+2 in mainland China and Japanese , 4 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean , 3 strokes in mainland China and Japanese , cangjie input 戈弓人 (INO ), four-corner 30307 , composition ⿳丶 ㇇ 乀 )
Derived characters
乏 , 芝 , 𠯣 , 㝎 , 㞫 , 𡘕 , 𬔱 , 椘 , 𡭿 , 𪦆 , 𩖳 , 𢾘 , 𬼛 , 𧉌 , 𫩝 , 𭾣 , 𭓆 , 𫡛 , 𮗧 , 𪢇
Descendants
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 82 , character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 125
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 43, character 1
Unihan data for U+4E4B
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 之
Shang
Western Zhou
Warring States
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han )
Liushutong (compiled in Ming )
Oracle bone script
Bronze inscriptions
Chu slip and silk script
Small seal script
Transcribed ancient scripts
j14766
j14767
j14768
j14769
j14770
j14771
j14772
j14773
j14774
j14775
j14776
j14777
j14778
j14779
j14780
j14781
j14782
j14783
j14784
j14785
j14786
j14787
j14788
j14789
j14790
j14791
j14792
j14793
j14794
j14795
j14796
j14797
j14798
j14799
j14800
j14801
j14802
j14803
j14804
j14805
j14806
j14807
j14808
j14809
j14810
j14816
j14817
j14818
j14819
j14820
j14821
j14822
j14823
j14824
j14825
j14826
j14827
j14828
j14829
j14830
j14831
j14832
j14833
j14834
j14835
j14836
j14837
j14838
j14839
j14840
j14841
j14842
j14843
j14844
j14845
j14846
j14847
j14848
j14849
b09079
b09080
b09081
b09082
b09083
b09084
b09085
b09086
b09087
b09088
b09089
b09090
b09091
b09092
b09093
b09094
b09095
b09096
b09097
b09098
b09099
b09100
b09101
b09102
b09103
b09104
b09105
b09106
b09107
b09108
b09109
b09110
b09111
b09112
b09113
b09114
b09115
b09116
b09117
b09118
b09119
b09120
b09121
b09122
b09123
b09124
b09125
b09126
b09127
b09128
b09129
b09130
b09131
b09132
b09133
b09134
b09135
b09136
b09137
b09138
b09139
b09140
b09141
b09142
b09143
b09144
b09145
b09146
b09147
b09148
b09149
b09150
b09151
b09152
b09153
b09154
b09155
b09156
b09157
b09158
b09159
b09160
b09161
b09162
b09163
b09164
b09165
b09166
b09167
b09168
b09169
b09170
b09171
b09172
b09173
b09174
b09175
b09176
b09177
b09178
b09179
b09180
b09181
b09182
s04434
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30055
L30056
L30048
L30049
L30050
L30051
L30052
L30053
L30054
L01016
L01017
L01018
L01019
L01020
L01021
L01022
L01023
L01024
L01025
L01026
L01027
L01028
L01029
L01030
L01031
L01032
L01033
L01034
L01035
L01036
L01037
L01038
L01039
L01040
L01041
L01042
L01043
L01044
L00998
L00999
L01000
L01001
L01002
L01003
L01004
L01005
L01006
L01007
L01008
L01009
L01010
L01011
L01012
L01013
L01014
L01015
References :
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation ), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Old Chinese
之
*tjɯ
芝
*tjɯ
志
*tjɯs
痣
*tjɯs
娡
*tjɯs
誌
*tjɯs
蚩
*tʰjɯ
妛
*tʰjɯ
嗤
*tʰjɯ
媸
*tʰjɯ
旹
*djɯ
滍
*diʔ
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 ) : 止 ( “ foot ” ) + 一 ( “ the beginning place ” ) ; compound meaning “to go”. It doesn't represent a sprout or a plant, as folk etymology claims.
The footprint pointing upwards became a point, as in the right component of 往 (which, in this case, is unrelated to 主 ).
Etymology
demonstrative pronoun "this; he; she; it"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-daj ~ m-di ( “ that; this ” ) (STEDT). Cognate with 是 (OC *djeʔ , “this”), Tibetan དེ ( de , “ that ” ) , Tibetan འདི ( 'di , “ this ” ) , Burmese ဒီ ( di , “ this ” ) .
"to go; to proceed"
Cognate with 時 (OC *djɯ , “time; season”) (> 辰 (OC *djɯn , “date; time”)), 志 (OC *tjɯs , “goal”), 趾 (OC *kjɯʔ , “foot”) (> 止 (OC *kjɯʔ , “to stop”)), Burmese စ ( ca. , “ to start; to begin ” ) (Schuessler, 2007 ).
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : zhī (zhi1 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄓ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : zi1
(Dungan , Cyrillic and Wiktionary ) : зы (zɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : zi1
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : zi1
Gan (Wiktionary ) : zi1
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : chṳ̂
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : zi1
Northern Min (KCR ) : ci̿
Eastern Min (BUC ) : cĭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : chi
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : ze1
Wu (Northern , Wugniu ) : 1 tsy / 1 tsyu
Xiang (Changsha , Wiktionary ) : zhr1
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
之
之
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
zhī
zhī
Middle Chinese
‹ tsyi ›
‹ tsyi ›
Old Chinese
/*tə/
/*tə/
English
go to
(3p object pronoun; attributive particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
之
Reading #
1/1
No.
17188
Phonetic component
之
Rime group
之
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
之
Old Chinese
/*tjɯ/
Definitions
之
( literary ) to go
( obsolete ) to sprout ; to come about
( obsolete ) this ; these
( literary ) Genitive or attributive marker
Indicates that the previous word has possession of the next one.
生命 之 道 ― shēngmìng zhī dào ― the way of life/life's way
北部灣 之 星 ——欽州 [MSC , trad. ] 北部湾 之 星 ——钦州 [MSC , simp. ] Běibùwān zhī xīng — Qīnzhōu star of the Gulf of Tonkin -- Qinzhou
天 其 永 我 命 于 茲 新 邑 ,紹復 先王 之 大業 ,厎綏 四方 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 天 其 永 我 命 于 兹 新 邑 ,绍复 先王 之 大业 ,厎绥 四方 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Book of Documents , circa 4th – 3rd century BCE Tiān qí yǒng wǒ mìng yú zī xīn yì, shàofù xiānwáng zhī dàyè, dǐsuí sìfāng. Heaven will perpetuate its decree in our favour in this new city; the great inheritance of the former kings will be continued and renewed, and tranquillity will be secured to the four quarters (of the kingdom)
生 之 快樂 將 代替 了 死 之 悲哀 [MSC , trad. ] 生 之 快乐 将 代替 了 死 之 悲哀 [MSC , simp. ] From: 1935 May 2, Fang Zhimin , 《可愛的中國 》 shēng zhī kuàiyuè jiāng dàitì le sǐ zhī bēi'āi (please add an English translation of this usage example)
第二 條 關係 雙方 當事人 之 住所 ,由 雙方 共同 協議 ;未 為 協議 或 協議 不成 時 ,得 聲請 法院 定 之。 [MSC , trad. ] 第二 条 关系 双方 当事人 之 住所 ,由 双方 共同 协议 ;未 为 协议 或 协议 不成 时 ,得 声请 法院 定 之。 [MSC , simp. ] From: 2019 May 17, 《司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法 》 Dì-èr tiáo guānxì shuāngfāng dāngshìrén zhī zhùsuǒ, yóu shuāngfāng gòngtóng xiéyì; wèi wéi xiéyì huò xiéyì bùchéng shí, dé shēngqǐng fǎyuàn dìng zhī. (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Indicates that the previous word modifies the next one.
尺寸之 功 ― chǐcùnzhī gōng ― a minor contribution
萬乘 之 國 弒 其 君 者 ,必 千乘 之 家 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 万乘 之 国 弑 其 君 者 ,必 千乘 之 家 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Mencius , c. 4th century BCE Wànshèng zhī guó shì qí jūn zhě, bì qiānshèng zhī jiā. In the kingdom of ten thousand chariots, the murderer of his sovereign shall be the chief of a family of a thousand chariots.
相同 性別 之 二 人 ,得 為 經營 共同 生活 之 目的 ,成立 具有 親密性 及 排他性 之 永久 結合 關係 。 [MSC , trad. ] 相同 性别 之 二 人 ,得 为 经营 共同 生活 之 目的 ,成立 具有 亲密性 及 排他性 之 永久 结合 关系 。 [MSC , simp. ] From: 2019 May 17, 《司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法 》 Xiàngtóng xìngbié zhī èr rén, dé wèi jīngyíng gòngtóng shēnghuó zhī mùde, chénglì jùyǒu qīnmìxìng jí páitāxìng zhī yǒngjiǔ jiéhé guānxì. (please add an English translation of this usage example)
particle indicating that the preceding element is specialised or qualified by the next
五穀 者 ,種 之 美 者 也 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 五谷 者 ,种 之 美 者 也 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Mencius , c. 4th century BCE , translated based on James Legge 's versionWǔgǔ zhě, zhǒng zhī měi zhě yě. Of all seeds, the best are the five kinds of grain.
物 之 甘 者 ,吃 過 必 酸 。 [Written Vernacular Chinese , trad. ] 物 之 甘 者 ,吃 过 必 酸 。 [Written Vernacular Chinese , simp. ] From: c. 13th century, various editors, A Collection of Conversations of Master Zhu (《朱子語類》 )Wù zhī gān zhě, chīguo bì suān. Things that are sweet leave a sour aftertaste.
( archaic ) Particle infixed in a subject-predicate construct acting as a nominalizer or indicating a subordinate clause .
我 周 之 東 遷 ,晉 、鄭 是 依 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 我 周 之 东 迁 ,晋 、郑 是 依 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Guoyu , circa 4th century BCE Wǒ Zhōu zhī dōngqiān, Jìn, Zhèng shì yī. That we the Zhou migrated East — that was wholly reliant on Jin and Zheng.
子 固 非 魚 也 ,子 之 不 知 魚 之樂 全 矣 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 子 固 非 鱼 也 ,子 之 不 知 鱼 之乐 全 矣 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Zhuangzi , circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE Zǐ gù fēi yú yě, zǐ zhī bùzhī yú zhī yuè quán yǐ. ou certainly are not a fish. That you do not know the happiness of fishes is a complete and valid argument.
雖 我 之 死 ,有 子 存 焉 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 虽 我 之 死 ,有 子 存 焉 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Liezi , 1st – 5th century CE Suī wǒ zhī sǐ, yǒu zǐ cún yān. Despite that I will die, there will be children who survive me.
大道 之 行 也 ,天下為公 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 大道 之 行 也 ,天下为公 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: The Book of Rites , c. 4th – 2nd century BCE , translated based on James Legge 's versionDàdào zhī xíng yě, tiānxià wèi gōng. When the Grand Course was pursued, a public and common spirit ruled all under the sky.
( literary ) The third-person pronoun: him , her , it , them , when it appears in a non-subject position in the sentence.
取而代之 ― qǔ'érdàizhī ― to take the place of (the aforementioned subject)
我們 不能 對 此 事 聽之 任之 。 [MSC , trad. ] 我们 不能 对 此 事 听之 任之 。 [MSC , simp. ] Wǒmen bùnéng duì cǐ shì tīngzhī rènzhī . We cannot pass this matter by without protest.
茲 制定 × × 法 ,公布 之 。 [MSC , trad. ] 兹 制定 × × 法 ,公布 之 。 [MSC , simp. ] Zī zhìdìng × × fǎ, gōngbù zhī . The Law on XX is hereby enacted and promulgated. (Standard enacting formula on Taiwanese Presidential Orders)
好 一一 聽 之 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 好 一一 听 之 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Han Feizi , circa 2nd century BCE Hào yīyī tīng zhī . He preferred to listen to them one-by-one.
甘橘 ,大厘 城 有 之 ,其 味 酸 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. and simp. ] From: Tang Dynasty , Fan Chuo , Manshu , chapter 7, part 7 Gānjú, Dàlí chéng yǒu zhī , qí wèi suān. Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.
第二 條 關係 雙方 當事人 之住所 ,由 雙方 共同 協議 ;未 為 協議 或 協議 不成 時 ,得 聲請 法院 定 之 。 [MSC , trad. ] 第二 条 关系 双方 当事人 之住所 ,由 双方 共同 协议 ;未 为 协议 或 协议 不成 时 ,得 声请 法院 定 之 。 [MSC , simp. ] From: 2019 May 17, 《司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法 》 Dì-èr tiáo guānxì shuāngfāng dāngshìrén zhī zhùsuǒ, yóu shuāngfāng gòngtóng xiéyì; wèi wéi xiéyì huò xiéyì bùchéng shí, dé shēngqǐng fǎyuàn dìng zhī . The residence of both involved parties with the relationship described in the second article is to be jointly settled by both parties; when it has not been settled, or the settlement was unsuccessful, they may request the court to determine it .
Usage notes
Remember that Chinese grammar is more about reducing ambiguity and less about following rules. The other meanings of this word all stem from the 3rd pronoun and demonstrative meaning (except the "to go" meaning which is unrelated). It roughly means "him, it, this" > "his, its" > "'s"/qualifier. Compare 其 (OC *ɡɯ , “he, his, its”) > Min Nan possessive 個.
Juxtaposition alone can indicate possession or qualification in Chinese even without this word. The actual purpose of this word is to act like a comma to group the words before it as a noun clause and prevent what comes after from being interpreted as the object of a verb. Consider "上山道" whence "上之山道" (mountain road that is up there) and "上山之道" (road for climbing a mountain).
Like 的 , unambiguous and popular compounds like 食品 ( shípǐn ) drop the 之 ( zhī ) . Other grammatical characters also work by enforcing a grouping of words. Modern Chinese fossilizes this word and uses 的 instead, which originated from either 之 or 者 (OC *tjaːʔ , “one who > relativiser”), and took on the "'s"/qualifier meaning.
之 ( zhī ) as a pronoun, functions like a noun determiner while 然 ( rán ) is a verb determiner. Consider "食此藥!若不食之 , 將死" which would mean "Eat this medicine! If you don't this (like if you eat some other medicine), you'll die" and contrast "食此藥!不然 (=若不食), 將死" which would mean "Eat this medicine! If you don't do this (or if you do something else), you'll die."
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
這 (“this”)
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
此 , 斯 , 是 , 之 , 茲 anteclassical , 夫 , 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
這
Northeastern Mandarin
Beijing
這
Taiwan
這
Chengde
這
Chifeng
這
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
這
Heihe
這
Qiqihar
這
Jiamusi
這
Baicheng
這
Changchun
這
Tonghua
這
Shenyang
這
Jinzhou
這
Malaysia
這
Singapore
這
Jilu Mandarin
Tianjin
這
Tangshan
這
Cangzhou
這
Baoding
這
Shijiazhuang
這
Lijin
這
Jinan
這
Jiaoliao Mandarin
Dalian
這
Dandong
這
Yantai
這
Qingdao
這
Zhucheng
這
Central Plains Mandarin
Lingbao
這
Jining
這
Linfen
這
Shangqiu
這
Yuanyang
這
Zhengzhou
這
Xinyang
這
Baihe
這
Xi'an
這
Baoji
這
Tianshui
這
Xining
這
Xuzhou
這
Pizhou
這
Lianyungang (Ganyu)
這
Donghai
這
Fuyang
這
Lanyin Mandarin
Yinchuan
這
Lanzhou
這
Dunhuang
這
Hami
這
Ürümqi
這
Southwestern Mandarin
Chengdu
這
Nanchong
這
Dazhou
這
Hanyuan
這
Xichang
這
Zigong
這
Chongqing
這
Wuhan
這
Yichang
這
Tianmen
這
Guiyang
這
Zunyi
這
Bijie
這
Liping
這
Zhaotong
這
Dali
這
Kunming
這
Mengzi
這
Guilin
這
Liuzhou
這
Jishou
這
Changde
這
Hanzhong
這
Jianghuai Mandarin
Nanjing
這
Yangzhou
這
Baoying
這
Taizhou
這
Zhenjiang
這
Lianyungang
這
Huai'an (Huaiyin)
這
Lianshui
這
Xuyi
這
Nantong
這
Rugao
這
Yancheng
這
Funing
這
Sihong
這
Wuhu
這
Hefei
這
Hong'an
這
Cantonese
Guangzhou
呢 , 依
Hong Kong
呢 , 依
Macau
呢
Taishan
該
Dongguan
呢
Yangjiang
果
Nanning
阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
呢
Singapore (Guangfu)
呢 , 依
Gan
Nanchang
箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng)
箇
Anyi
箇
Lushan
箇
Duchang
箇
Wuning (Quankou)
該
Poyang
箇
Yugan
該
Wannian
該
Yanshan
這
Yichun
箇
Yifeng
箇
Gao'an
箇
Fengxin
箇
Shanggao
里
Wanzai
箇
Fengcheng
該
Xinyu
該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu)
該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang)
箇
Nancheng
箇
Nanfeng
箇
Yihuang
箇
Lichuan
該
Chongren
該
Pingxiang
該
Ji'an
蓋
Taihe
箇
Xiajiang
該
Yingtan (Yujiang)
箇
Guixi
箇
Jianning
個
Jinxian
箇
Jinxi
箇
Le'an
該
Guangchang
改
Suichuan
底
Wan'an
介
Jing'an
箇
Zhangshu
該
Xingan
個
Fenyi
改
Hakka
Changting
爾
Ninghua
只
Qingliu
這
Yudu
底
Ningdu
底
Ruijin
底
Shicheng
底
Xunwu
底
Huichang
底
Xingguo
界
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
這
Hong Kong
這
Huizhou
Jixi
爾
Shexian
這
Wuyuan
伊
Jin
Taiyuan
這
Yangyuan
這
Datong
這
Xinzhou
這
Lüliang (Lishi)
這
Changzhi
這
Linhe
這
Jining
這
Hohhot
這
Erenhot
這
Pingshan
這
Zhangjiakou
這
Handan
這
Suide
這
Northern Min
Jian'ou
𱕇
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
只 , 者 , 嚽
Fuzhou (Changle)
這
Lianjiang
這
Fuqing
者
Pingtan
這
Yongtai
這
Minqing
這
Gutian
這
Pingnan
這
Luoyuan
這
Fu'an
這
Ningde
這
Xiapu
這
Zherong
這
Shouning
這
Zhouning
這
Fuding
這
Singapore (Fuqing)
這
Southern Min
Xiamen
這
Xiamen (Tong'an)
這
Quanzhou
只 , 這
Jinjiang
這
Nan'an
這
Shishi
這
Hui'an
這
Anxi
這
Yongchun
這
Dehua
這
Zhangzhou
這
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
這
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
這
Hua'an
這
Nanjing
這
Pinghe
這
Zhangpu
這
Yunxiao
這
Zhao'an
只
Dongshan
這
Taipei
這
Kinmen
這
Penang (Hokkien)
這
Singapore (Hokkien)
這
Manila (Hokkien)
這
Longyan
迄好
Zhangping
這
Chaozhou
只
Shantou
只
Jieyang
只
Haifeng
只
Singapore (Teochew)
只
Batam (Teochew)
只
Wenchang
這
Haikou
這
Singapore (Hainanese)
這
Puxian Min
Putian
只蜀
Xianyou
只蜀
Central Min
Yong'an
這
Sanming (Shaxian)
這
Shaojiang Min
Guangze
當
Jiangle
者
Mingxi
只
Shunchang
這
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
亞
Shehua
Cangnan
這
Jingning (Hexi)
個
Wu
Shanghai
搿 , 迭 dated , 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang)
搿
Shanghai (Fengxian)
格
Shanghai (Jinshan)
格
Shanghai (Chongming)
吉 , 講 , 葛 also that
Suzhou
該 , 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)
個
Wuxi
意
Changshu
俚
Jiaxing
葛
Jiashan
葛
Pinghu
葛
Haining (Yanguan)
葛
Tongxiang
葛
Haiyan
葛
Changzhou
資
Danyang
格
Nanjing (Gaochun)
格
Huzhou
格
Changxing
格
Anji
格
Deqing
葛
Hangzhou
葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang)
葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an)
葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang)
葛
Tonglu
葛
Tonglu (Wusheng)
個個
Shaoxing
咸
Zhuji
咸
Shengzhou
咸
Xinchang
咸
Ningbo
葛
Ningbo (Zhenhai)
葛
Yuyao
耶
Cixi
葛
Taizhou (Huangyan)
葛
Tiantai
葛
Sanmen
葛
Wenling
葛 , 格
Wenzhou
個
Yueqing
個
Yongjia (Fenglin)
個
Rui'an
個
Pingyang
個
Taishun
這
Wencheng
個
Lishui
已
Qingtian
已
Jinyun
已
Songyang (Xiping)
益
Yunhe
益
Qingyuan
這
Longquan
搭
Suichang
益
Jiangshan
益
Changshan
益
Kaihua
益
Longyou
個
Jinhua
等 , 待
Yiwu
吾
Yongkang
個
Pujiang
這 , 吉
Dongyang
個
Wuyi
愛個
Lanxi
個
Shangrao
這
Shangrao (Guangfeng)
伊
Yushan
伊
Xiang
Changsha
咯
Shuangfeng
咯
Dialectal synonyms of
的 (“
possessive particle ”)
Dialectal synonyms of
他 (“he”)
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
伊1 , 彼 , 其 , 厥 , 渠 , 夫 , 之 object , 乃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
他
Northeastern Mandarin
Beijing
他 , 怹 honorific
Taiwan
他
Chengde
他
Ulanhot
他
Tongliao
他
Chifeng
他
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
他
Heihe
他
Qiqihar
他
Harbin
他
Jiamusi
他
Baicheng
他
Changchun
他
Tonghua
他
Shenyang
他
Jinzhou
他
Malaysia
他
Singapore
他
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
他
Jilu Mandarin
Tianjin
他
Tangshan
他
Cangzhou
他
Lijin
他
Weifang (Weicheng)
他
Weifang (Fangzi)
他
Changle
他
Shouguang
他
Wulian
他
Jinan
他
Jiaoliao Mandarin
Dalian
他
Dandong
他
Yantai
他
Yantai (Muping)
他
Qingdao
他
Weifang (Hanting)
他
Changyi
他
Gaomi
他
Zhucheng
他
Anqiu
他
Linqu
他
Qingzhou
他
Central Plains Mandarin
Luoyang
他
Lingbao
他
Wanrong
他 , 伢
Linfen
他
Shangqiu
他
Yuanyang
他
Zhengzhou
他
Xinyang
他
Baihe
他
Xi'an
他
Dingbian
他
Baoji
他
Tianshui
他
Xining
家 , 他
Xuzhou
他
Pizhou
他
Lianyungang (Ganyu)
他
Donghai
他
Fuyang
他
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
他
Lanyin Mandarin
Yinchuan
他
Bayanhot
他
Lanzhou
他 , 那
Dunhuang
他
Hami
他
Ürümqi
他
Southwestern Mandarin
Chengdu
他
Nanchong
他
Dazhou
他
Hanyuan
他
Xichang
他
Zigong
他
Chongqing
他
Wuhan
他 , 他家
Yichang
他
Xiangyang
他
Tianmen
他
Guiyang
他
Zunyi
他
Bijie
他
Liping
他
Zhaotong
他
Dali
他
Kunming
他
Mengzi
他
Guilin
他
Liuzhou
他
Nanning (Xiakuojie)
他
Nanning (Fujian)
他
Nanning (Wuming)
他
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)
他
Binyang (Nanjie)
他
Jishou
他
Changde
他
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)
他
Hanzhong
他
Jianghuai Mandarin
Nanjing
他
Yangzhou
他
Baoying
他
Taizhou
他
Zhenjiang
他
Lianyungang
他
Huai'an (Huaiyin)
他
Lianshui
他
Xuyi
他
Xinghua
他
Nantong
他
Rugao
他
Yancheng
他
Funing
他
Sihong
他
Anqing
他
Wuhu
他
Hefei
他
Hong'an
他
Mandarin
Qinzhou (Longmengang)
他
Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)
他
Nanping (Yanping)
他
Cantonese
Guangzhou
佢
Hong Kong
佢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
佢
Hong Kong (Shek Pik; Weitou)
佢
Macau
佢
Guangzhou (Panyu)
佢
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
佢
Guangzhou (Conghua)
佢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
佢
Foshan
佢
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
佢
Foshan (Shunde)
佢
Foshan (Sanshui)
佢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
佢
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
佢
Zhongshan (Huancheng)
佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang)
佢
Zhongshan (Xiaolan)
佢
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)
佢
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)
佢
Zhongshan (Henglan)
佢
Zhongshan (Dongfeng)
佢
Zhongshan (Nantou)
佢
Zhongshan (Fusha)
佢
Zhongshan (Shalang)
佢
Zhongshan (Gangkou)
佢
Zhongshan (Huangpu)
佢
Zhongshan (Sanjiao)
佢
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)
佢
Zhongshan (Minzhong)
佢
Zhongshan (Guzhen)
佢
Zhongshan (Banfu)
佢
Zhongshan (Tanzhou)
佢
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
佢
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
佢
Zhuhai (Doumen)
佢
Jiangmen (Baisha)
佢
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
佢
Taishan
佢
Taishan (Guanghai)
佢
Kaiping (Chikan)
佢
Enping (Niujiang)
佢
Heshan (Yayao)
佢
Dongguan
佢
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
佢
Shenzhen (Dapeng)
佢
Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua)
其
Shenzhen (Pingshan; Zhanmi)
佢
Qingyuan
佢
Fogang
佢
Yingde (Hanguang)
佢
Yangshan
佢
Lianshan (Butian)
佢
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)
佢
Shaoguan
佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
佢
Renhua
佢
Lechang
佢
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
佢
Sihui
佢
Guangning
佢
Deqing
佢
Huaiji
佢
Fengkai (Nanfeng)
佢
Yunfu
佢
Xinxing
佢
Luoding
佢
Yunan (Pingtai)
佢
Yangjiang
佢
Xinyi
佢
Lianjiang
佢
Nanning
佢
Wuzhou
佢
Yulin
佢
Hepu (Lianzhou)
佢
Baise
佢
Qinzhou
佢
Beihai
佢
Beihai (Nankang)
佢
Beihai (Yingpan)
佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
佢
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
佢
Danzhou
佢
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
佢
Penang (Guangfu)
佢
Singapore (Guangfu)
佢
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
佢
Móng Cái
佢
Yangon (Taishan)
佢
Mandalay (Taishan)
佢
Gan
Nanchang
渠
Nanchang (Wangcheng)
渠
Anyi
渠仂
Lushan
渠
Pengze
渠
Duchang
渠 , 渠儂
Wuning (Quankou)
渠
Poyang
渠
Yugan
渠 , 渠郎
Wannian
渠
Hengfeng
渠 , 渠仂
Yanshan
渠 , 渠仂
Leping
渠
Yichun
渠
Yifeng
渠
Gao'an
渠
Fengxin
渠
Shanggao
渠
Wanzai
渠
Fengcheng
渠
Xinyu
渠
Fuzhou (Shangdundu)
渠
Fuzhou (Dongxiang)
渠仂
Nancheng
渠
Nanfeng
渠仂 , 渠
Yihuang
渠
Lichuan
渠
Chongren
渠
Pingxiang
他
Lianhua
渠
Ji'an
渠
Yongfeng
渠
Taihe
渠
Xiajiang
渠
Yongxin
渠
Yingtan (Yujiang)
渠
Guixi
渠 , 渠仂
Jianning
使
Jinxian
渠
Jinxi
渠
Le'an
渠
Guangchang
渠
Anfu
渠
Suichuan
渠
Wan'an
渠
Jing'an
渠
Zhangshu
渠
Xingan
渠
Fenyi
渠
Hakka
Meixian
佢
Xingning
佢
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
佢
Huidong (Daling)
佢
Dongguan (Qingxi)
佢
Boluo (Bendihua)
佢
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
佢
Wuhua (Huacheng)
佢
Wuhua (Meilin)
佢
Heyuan (Bendihua)
佢
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)
佢
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)
佢
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)
佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
佢
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
佢
Liannan
佢
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
佢
Jiexi
佢
Changting
佢
Shanghang
佢
Longyan (Yongding)
佢
Wuping
佢
Wuping (Pingyu)
佢
Liancheng
佢
Ninghua
佢
Qingliu
佢
Yudu
佢
Ruijin
佢
Shicheng
佢
Shangyou (Shexi)
佢
Ganzhou (Nankang)
佢
Dingnan
佢
Longnan
佢
Xunwu
佢
Huichang
佢
Chongyi
佢
Xingguo
佢
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
佢
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
佢
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
佢
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
佢
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
佢
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
佢
Hong Kong
佢
Luchuan
佢
Bobai (Shahe)
佢
Bobai (Longtan)
佢
Bobai (Lingping)
佢
Bobai (Lingjiao)
佢
Sabah (Longchuan)
佢
Senai (Huiyang)
佢
Kuching (Hepo)
佢
Singkawang
佢
Bangkok (Meixian)
佢
Huizhou
Jixi
渠 , 渠仂
Dexing
渠
Chun'an (Qiandaohu)
渠
Jiande (Meicheng)
渠
Jiande (Shouchang)
渠 , 渠儂
Jin
Taiyuan
他
Yangyuan
他
Datong
他
Xinzhou
他
Lüliang (Lishi)
他
Changzhi
他
Taibus (Baochang)
他
Linhe
他
Jining
他
Hohhot
他
Baotou
他
Dongsheng
他
Haibowan
他
Erenhot
他
Pingshan
他
Zhangjiakou
他
Handan
他
Linzhou
他
Suide
他
Northern Min
Jian'ou
渠
Jian'ou (Dikou)
渠
Songxi
渠
Zhenghe
渠
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
渠
Jianyang
渠
Pucheng (Shibei)
渠
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
伊1
Fuzhou (Changle)
伊1
Lianjiang
伊1
Fuqing
伊1
Pingtan
伊1
Yongtai
伊1
Minqing
伊1
Gutian
伊1
Pingnan
伊1
Luoyuan
伊1
Fu'an
伊1
Ningde
伊1
Xiapu
伊1
Zherong
伊1
Shouning
伊1
Zhouning
伊1
Fuding
伊1
Matsu
伊1
Taishun
伊1
Cangnan
伊1
Sitiawan (Gutian)
伊1
Southern Min
Xiamen
伊1
Xiamen (Tong'an)
伊1
Quanzhou
伊1
Jinjiang
伊1
Nan'an
伊1
Shishi
伊1
Hui'an
伊1
Anxi
伊1
Yongchun
伊1
Dehua
伊1
Zhangzhou
伊1
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
伊1
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
伊1
Hua'an
伊1
Nanjing
伊1
Pinghe
伊1
Zhangpu
伊1
Yunxiao
伊1
Zhao'an
伊1
Dongshan
伊1
Taipei
伊1
Taipei (Wanhua)
伊1
Kaohsiung
伊1
Kaohsiung (Cijin)
伊1
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
伊1
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
伊1
Yilan
伊1
Changhua (Lukang)
伊1
Taichung
伊1
Taichung (Wuqi)
伊1
Tainan
伊1
Taitung
伊1
Hsinchu
伊1
Kinmen
伊1
Penghu (Magong)
伊1
Penang (Hokkien)
伊1
Singapore (Hokkien)
伊1
Manila (Hokkien)
伊1
Medan (Hokkien)
伊1
Longyan
伊1
Zhangping
伊1
Datian
伊1
Pingnan (Shangdu)
他 , 伊1
Guilin (Biyange)
伊1
Cangnan
伊1
Chaozhou
伊1
Shantou
伊1
Shantou (Chaoyang)
伊1
Jieyang
伊1
Haifeng
伊1
Bangkok (Teochew)
伊1
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
伊1
Singapore (Teochew)
伊1
Pontianak (Teochew)
伊1
Leizhou
伊1
Wenchang
伊1
Haikou
伊1
Qionghai
伊1
Singapore (Hainanese)
伊1
Puxian Min
Putian
伊1
Xianyou
伊1
Central Min
Yong'an
渠
Sanming (Sanyuan)
渠
Sanming (Shaxian)
渠
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)
渠
Shaojiang Min
Shaowu
𠇼
Guangze
𠇼
Jiangle
渠
Mingxi
渠
Shunchang
渠
Zhongshan Min
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
伊1
Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
伊1
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
佢
Northern Pinghua
Guilin (Dahe)
他
Shehua
Jingning (Hexi)
渠
Wu
Shanghai
伊2
Shanghai (Songjiang)
是渠 , 實渠 , 渠
Shanghai (Jiading)
伊2
Shanghai (Chongming)
伊2
Suzhou
俚 , 俚倷 , 唔倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)
伊2 , 伊奴
Wuxi
佗
Changshu
伊2
Nantong (Haimen)
他 , 伊2
Jiaxing
伊內
Jiashan
伊2 , 伊儂
Pinghu
伊儂
Haining (Yanguan)
伊2
Tongxiang
伊2 , 夷儂
Haiyan
伊2 , 葉內 , 候內
Changzhou
佗
Danyang
他
Nanjing (Gaochun)
他
Huzhou
是其
Changxing
是夷 , 夷
Anji
其
Deqing
夷
Hangzhou
他
Hangzhou (Yuhang)
夷 , 其
Hangzhou (Lin'an)
夷 , 是夷 , 其
Hangzhou (Fuyang)
夷 , 是夷
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)
夷
Tonglu
夷 , 是夷
Tonglu (Wusheng)
夷 , 他
Shaoxing
夷
Zhuji
其
Shengzhou
夷
Xinchang
其
Ningbo
渠 , 渠儂
Ningbo (Zhenhai)
其
Ningbo (Fenghua)
其
Yuyao
渠
Cixi
渠
Xiangshan
其 , 像其
Ninghai
其 , 其儂
Zhoushan
其
Taizhou (Huangyan)
渠
Tiantai
渠
Xianju
渠
Sanmen
渠
Linhai
渠
Wenling
渠
Wenzhou
渠
Yueqing
渠
Yongjia (Fenglin)
渠
Rui'an
渠
Pingyang
渠
Taishun
其
Wencheng
渠
Lishui
渠
Qingtian
渠
Jinyun
渠
Wuyi (Liucheng)
渠
Songyang (Xiping)
渠
Yunhe
他 , 其
Jingning
他 , 渠
Qingyuan
渠
Longquan
渠
Quzhou
渠
Suichang
渠
Jiangshan
渠
Changshan
渠
Kaihua
渠
Longyou
渠 , 渠儂
Jinhua
渠
Jinhua (Tangxi)
渠 , 渠儂
Yiwu
渠
Yongkang
渠
Pujiang
其 , 徐
Dongyang
渠
Wuyi
渠
Lanxi
渠 , 渠儂
Xiang
Changsha
他
Loudi
他
Shuangfeng
他
Quanzhou
他
Note
In spoken language, Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender/animacy in the third-person pronoun; distinctions are only sometimes made in writing. 佢 is commonly used in Yue, Hakka and Pinghua, while 渠 is more common in other varieties
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
之
(Jinmeiyō kanji )
-'s , possessive particle
this
to go
Readings
Etymology 1
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 之 ( zhī , possessive marker ) . Formerly used to represent the possessive particle の ( no ) . In modern Japanese, this character is seldom used, and most commonly found in names, such as 龍之介 ( Ryūnosuke ) .
For pronunciation and definitions of 之 – see the following entry.
【の 】
genitive case marker
indicates possession : of , -'s
indicates identity or apposition
a noun, adverb, or phrase modifier
nominative case marker in a relative or subordinate clause
a sentence ending that indicates emphasis or a question, depending on intonation
Nominalizes an adjective, verb, or phrase
( literary ) used with bare i-adjective stem
As a separator when reading telephone numbers.
(This term, 之 , is an alternative spelling ( rare , literary ) of the above term.)
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 之 – see the following entry.
(This term, 之 , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
Etymology 3
Proper noun
之( すすむ ) • (Susumu )
a male given name
Korean
Hanja
之 (eumhun 갈 지 ( gal ji ) )
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.
Vietnamese
Han character
之 : Hán Việt readings: chi (止 ( chỉ ) 而 ( nhi ) 切 ( thiết ) )[ 1] [ 2] [ 3]
之 : Nôm readings: gì [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] , giây [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] , chi [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 5]
Nôm form of gì ( “ what ” ) .
Nôm form of giây ( “ a brief moment ; an instant ” ) .
Nôm form of chi ( “ what for ” ) .
References