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京 . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
京 , but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
京 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
京 you have here. The definition of the word
京 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
京 , as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
Han character
京 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠 +6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF ), four-corner 00906 , composition ⿳亠 口 小 )
Derived characters
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 88 , character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 6
Unihan data for U+4EAC
Chinese
Wikipedia has articles on:
京 (Written Standard Chinese? ) 京 (Cantonese) 京 (Classical)
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 京
Shang
Western Zhou
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han )
Liushutong (compiled in Ming )
Oracle bone script
Bronze inscriptions
Small seal script
Transcribed ancient scripts
j13492
j13493
j13494
j13495
j13496
j13497
j13498
j13499
j13500
j13501
j13502
j13503
j13504
j13505
j13506
j13507
j13508
b08306
b08307
b08308
b08309
b08310
b08311
b08312
b08313
b08314
b08315
b08316
b08317
b08318
b08319
b08320
b08321
b08322
b08323
b08324
s03835
Transcribed ancient scripts
L33123
L33124
L33125
L33126
L33127
L33128
L33129
L33130
L33131
L10565
L10566
L10567
L10568
L10569
L10570
L10571
L10572
L10573
L10574
L10575
L10576
L10577
L10578
L10579
L10580
L10581
References :
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation ), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Old Chinese
涼
*ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs
凉
*ɡ·raŋ
椋
*ɡ·raŋ
綡
*ɡ·raŋ
輬
*ɡ·raŋ
諒
*ɡ·raŋs
掠
*ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ
弶
*ɡaŋs
京
*kraŋ
麖
*kraŋ
鶁
*kraŋ
景
*kraŋʔ
鯨
*ɡraŋ
黥
*ɡraŋ
勍
*ɡraŋ
剠
*ɡraŋ
倞
*ɡraŋs
影
*qraŋʔ
璟
*qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ
憬
*kʷraŋʔ
暻
*kʷraŋʔ
澋
*ɡʷraːŋʔ
According to Shuowen , from 高 ( gāo ) , where the lower 口 ( kǒu ) is reduced to 丨 ( gǔn ) .
Etymology 1
Either from:
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ ( “ hill, ridge, mountain ” ) (STEDT), cognate with 岡 (OC *klaːŋ , “hill, crest”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ , “whale”), Tibetan སྒང་ ( sgang , “ ridge; mound ” ) , Burmese ခင် ( hkang , “ ridge ” ) , Burmese အခေါင် ( a.hkaung , “ summit ” ) , Lahu qhɔ³³ ( “ mountain ” ) , Sulung gɹaŋ³³ ( “ mountain ” ) , Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"); or
of Austroasiatic origin, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *graŋ ( “ hill, peak ” ) (Schuessler, 2007 ), whence Mon ဂြၚ် ( krɛ̀aŋ , “ peak ” ) and Old Khmer grāṅ ( “ hill on flat land ” ) .
Within Chinese, cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ , “large”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ , “whale”) (Schuessler, 2007 ).
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : jīng (jing1 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄐㄧㄥ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : jin1
(Dungan , Cyrillic and Wiktionary ) : җин (žin, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : ging1
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : gen1
Gan (Wiktionary ) : jin1
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : kîn
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : gin1
Jin (Wiktionary ) : jing1
Northern Min (KCR ) : géng
Eastern Min (BUC ) : gĭng
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : kiaⁿ / keng
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : gian1
Wu (Shanghai , Wugniu ) : 1 cin
Xiang (Changsha , Wiktionary ) : jin1
Note :
kiaⁿ - vernacular;
keng - literary.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
京
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
jīng
Middle Chinese
‹ kjæng ›
Old Chinese
/*raŋ/
English
hill; capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
京
Reading #
1/1
No.
6828
Phonetic component
京
Rime group
陽
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
驚
Old Chinese
/*kraŋ/
Definitions
京
⁜ capital (city)
京 城 ― jīng chéng ― capital city
京 畿 ― jīng jī ― capital city and its surrounding area
泰京 ― Tàijīng ― (Thailand) Bangkok (the capital city of Thailand)
墨京 ― Mòjīng ― (dated) Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)
Short for 北京 (Běijīng , “Beijing”). after 1949
京 劇/ 京 剧 ― jīng jù ― Beijing opera
京 腔 ― jīng qiāng ― Beijing accent
Short for 南京 (Nánjīng , “Nanjing”). between 1927–1948
Short for 京都 (jīngdū , “Kyoto”). when referring Japan-related topics
† tall mound
† large barn
† large ; great
有媯之後 ,將 育 于 姜 ,五世其昌 ,並 于 正卿 ,八 世 之後 ,莫 之 與 京 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 有妫之后 ,将 育 于 姜 ,五世其昌 ,并 于 正卿 ,八 世 之后 ,莫 之 与 京 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Commentary of Zuo , c. 4th century BCE Yǒuguī zhīhòu, jiāng yù yú Jiāng, wǔshìqíchāng, bìng yú zhèngqīng, bā shì zhīhòu, mò zhī yǔ jīng . The posterity of this scion of the Gui will be nourished among the Jiang . In five generations they will be prosperous, and the highest ministers in Qi; in eight, there will be none to compare with them for greatness .
† ten million , 107
† ten quadrillion , 1016
† septillion , 1024
† A hundred nonillion , 1032
See also
Chinese numerals
104
108
1012
1016
1020
1024
1028
1032
1036
1040
1044
1048
萬 / 万 (wàn )
億 / 亿 (yì )
兆 (zhào ) (Taiwan)
京 (jīng ) (Taiwan)
垓 (gāi )
秭 (zǐ )
穰 (ráng )
溝 / 沟 (gōu )
澗 / 涧 (jiàn )
正 (zhèng )
載 / 载 (zài )
極 / 极 (jí )
萬億 / 万亿 (wànyì )(Mainland China)
億 億 /亿 亿 (Mainland China)
Compounds
Descendants
References
Etymology 2
From Vietnamese Kinh , via Cantonese .
Adjective
京
ethnic Vietnamese from China
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
京
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji )
capital city
ten quadrillion (short scale ); ten thousand billion (long scale ); 1016
Tokyo
Kyoto
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kjaeng ).
Noun
京( きょう ) • (kyō ) ←きやう ( kyau ) ?
capital city
Short for 京都 ( Kyōto , “ Kyōto (a city in Kyōto , Japan )” ) .
京言葉( きょうことば ) ( kyōkotoba )
京( きょう ) の着倒( きだお ) れ、大阪( おおさか ) の食( く ) い倒( だお ) れKyō no kidaore, Ōsaka no kuidaoreSpend Your Money on Fashion in Kyoto, eat till you’re broke in Osaka
Affix
京( きょう ) • (kyō ) ←きやう ( kyau ) ?
capital city
Synonym: ( literary ) 洛 ( raku )
( specifically ) Kyōto (a city in Kyōto , Japan )
Synonym: ( literary ) 洛 ( raku )
( especially ) Tōkyō (a province of Japan )
上京( じょうきょう ) ( jōkyō )
Etymology 2
宮 ( miya , “ imperial palace ” ) + 処 ( ko , “ place ” ) .
Noun
京( みやこ ) • (miyako )
the place where the emperor resides
a city that acts as an economic and political center; capital
metropolis
Etymology 3
Number
京( けい ) • (kei )
10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016 , (US) ten quadrillion , (UK) ten thousand billion
See also
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kjaeng ).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium . Particularly: “what is its historical reading?”)
Hanja
京 (eumhun 서울 경 ( seoul gyeong ) )
京 (eumhun 경 경 ( gyeong gyeong ) )
Hanja form? of 경 ( “ capital ” ) .
Hanja form? of 경 ( “ 10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016 , (US) ten quadrillion , (UK) ten thousand billion ” ) .
Compounds
경부 (京釜 , Gyeongbu , “Seoul and Busan ”)
경인 (京仁 , Gyeong'in , “Seoul and Incheon ”)
상경 (上京 , sanggyeong , “going to capital city”)
동경 (東京 , Donggyeong , “Tokyo ”)
북경 (北京 , Bukgyeong , “Beijing ”)
경기도 (京畿道 , Gyeonggido , “Gyeonggi ”)
See also
References
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 .
Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원 , Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon ) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表 , Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo ), page 3.
Vietnamese
Han character
京 : Hán Việt readings: kinh , nguyên
京 : Nôm readings: kinh , kiêng , kềnh , kình
Noun 京 • (kinh )
chữ Hán form of kinh ( “ capital city ” ) .
Adjective
京 • (Kinh )
chữ Hán form of Kinh ( “ ethnically Vietnamese ” ) .
Verb
京 • (kiêng )
Nôm form of kiêng ( “ to respect ” ) .
References