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U+4ECD, 仍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECD

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 9, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人弓竹尸 (ONHS), four-corner 27227, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 361
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 110, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4ECD

Bailang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (brain, heart, mind). Compare Tibetan སྙིང (snying, heart), Old Chinese (OC *njin, “kernel”).

Noun

(*niŋ)

  1. heart

References

  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *njɯŋ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *nɯːʔ).

Etymology

“to be done repeatedly; as before”
A terminative derivation from (OC *njis, “two”), literally “got to be done twice/again”. Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(j)aŋ (to follow; to repeat).

Pronunciation


Note: Pronounced as rēng or rěng dialectally.
Note:
  • 3nyin - vernacular;
  • 3zen - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʐəŋ⁴⁴/
/ʐəŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁴⁵/
/ʐəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐəŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐəŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʐə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /və̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /zən³¹/
Guiyang /zen²¹/
Kunming /ʐə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʐən²⁴/
/ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ʐən¹³/
Xiangtan /in¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /in¹¹/
Taoyuan /in¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ²¹/
Nanning /jeŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /jiŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /zoŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zeŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵiŋ/
Li
Rong
/ȵiəŋ/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
réng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jing4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
réng
Middle
Chinese
‹ nying ›
Old
Chinese
/*nəŋ/
English repeat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9342
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njɯŋ/

Definitions

  1. to follow; to do the same as
  2. to continue; to be done repeatedly
  3. frequently; repeatedly
  4. the eighth generation; numerous (descendants)
  5. still; yet
  6. thus; as a result
  7. a surname

Synonyms

  • (to follow):
  • (still):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Vietnamese: nhưng ()

Others:

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

(eum (ing))

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Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: nhưng, nhăng, nhang, những, dưng, dừng, nhẳng, nhùng

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References