. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
令 (Kangxi radical 9, 人 +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI ), four-corner 80307 , composition ⿱亽 龴 (G ) or ⿱亼 龴 (H T V ) or ⿱亼 𰆊 (J K ))
Derived characters
Stroke order
Traditional or simplified Japanese or Korean
伶 , 冷 , 呤 , 坽 , 姈 , 岭 , 泠 , 彾 , 駖 , 怜 , 炩 , 拎 , 昤 , 朎 , 柃 , 玲 , 𪽏 , 𫤚 , 𪾧 , 𠄖 , 砱 , 羚 , 狑 , 紷 , 聆 , 蛉 , 軨 (𫐉 ), 鈴 (铃 ), 魿 , 竛 , 齡 (齢 /龄 ), 刢 , 𬾂 , 瓴 , 翎 , 領 (领 ), 鴒 (鸰 ), 𬹴 , 邻 , 㡵 , 命 , 𩇙 , 岺 , 苓 , 笭 , 閝 (𫠂 ), 零 , 𩆖 , 囹
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 93 , character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 111, character 10
Unihan data for U+4EE4
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 令
Shang
Western Zhou
Spring and Autumn
Warring States
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han )
Liushutong (compiled in Ming )
Bronze inscriptions
Oracle bone script
Bronze inscriptions
Bronze inscriptions
Bronze inscriptions
Chu slip and silk script
Qin slip script
Small seal script
Transcribed ancient scripts
j21073
j21074
j21075
j21076
j21077
j21078
j21079
j21080
j21081
j21082
j21083
j21084
j21085
j21086
j21087
j21088
j21089
j21090
j21091
j21092
j21093
j21094
j21095
j21096
j21097
j21098
j21099
j21100
j21101
j21102
j21103
j21104
j21105
j21106
j21107
j21108
j21109
j21110
j21111
j21112
j21113
j21114
j21115
j21116
j21117
j21118
j21119
j21120
j21121
j21122
j21123
j21124
j21125
j21126
j21127
j21128
j21129
j21130
j21131
j21132
j21133
j21134
j21135
j21136
j21137
j21138
j21139
j21140
j21141
j21142
j21143
j21144
j21145
j21146
j21147
j21148
j21149
j21150
j21151
j21152
j21153
j21154
j21155
j21156
j21157
j21158
j21159
j21160
j21161
j21162
j21163
j21164
j21165
j21166
j21167
j21168
j21169
j21170
b13977
b13978
b13979
b13980
b13981
b13982
b13983
b13984
b13985
b13986
b13987
b13988
b13989
b13990
b13991
b13992
b13993
b13994
b13995
b13996
b13997
b13998
b13999
b14000
b14001
b14002
b14003
b14004
b14005
b14006
b14007
b14008
b14009
b14010
b14011
b14012
b14013
b14014
b14015
b14016
b14017
b14018
b14019
b14020
b14021
b14022
b14023
b14024
b14025
b14026
b14027
b14028
b14029
b14030
b14031
b14032
b14033
b14034
b14035
b14036
b14037
b14038
b14039
b14040
s06555
Transcribed ancient scripts
L37178
L37179
L37180
L37181
L37182
L37183
L37184
L37185
L37186
L24398
L24399
L24400
L24401
L24402
L24403
L24404
L24405
L24406
L24407
L24408
L24409
References :
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation ), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Old Chinese
令
*ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜
*riːn, *reːŋ
零
*riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿
*ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命
*mreŋs
冷
*raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉
*reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺
*reŋʔ
領
*reŋʔ
阾
*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃
*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊
*reŋʔ
詅
*reŋs, *reːŋ
旍
*ʔsleŋ
舲
*reːŋ
齡
*reːŋ
囹
*reːŋ
鴒
*reːŋ
蛉
*reːŋ
鈴
*reːŋ
苓
*reːŋ
伶
*reːŋ
泠
*reːŋ
瓴
*reːŋ
拎
*reːŋ
刢
*reːŋ
玲
*reːŋ
聆
*reːŋ
竛
*reːŋ
軨
*reːŋ
笭
*reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎
*reːŋ
閝
*reːŋ
鹷
*reːŋ
昤
*reːŋ
駖
*reːŋ
彾
*reːŋ
呤
*reːŋ
狑
*reːŋ
秢
*reːŋ
岭
*reːŋ
紷
*reːŋ
砱
*reːŋ
羚
*reːŋ
姈
*reːŋ
蕶
*reːŋ
澪
*reːŋ
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 ) : 亼 + 卩 . The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄 , in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.
Etymology 1
Usually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs , “order”) (Schuessler, 2007 ). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú ).
Pronunciation
Rime
Character
令
令
令
Reading #
2/5
4/5
5/5
Initial (聲 )
來 (37)
來 (37)
來 (37)
Final (韻 )
清 (121)
清 (121)
青 (125)
Tone (調 )
Level (Ø)
Departing (H)
Departing (H)
Openness (開合 )
Open
Open
Open
Division (等 )
III
III
IV
Fanqie
呂 貞 切
力 政 切
郎 定 切
Baxter
ljeng
ljengH
lengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang
/liᴇŋ /
/liᴇŋH /
/leŋH /
Pan Wuyun
/liɛŋ /
/liɛŋH /
/leŋH /
Shao Rongfen
/liæŋ /
/liæŋH /
/lɛŋH /
Edwin Pulleyblank
/liajŋ /
/liajŋH /
/lɛjŋH /
Li Rong
/liɛŋ /
/liɛŋH /
/leŋH /
Wang Li
/lĭɛŋ /
/lĭɛŋH /
/lieŋH /
Bernhard Karlgren
/li̯ɛŋ /
/li̯ɛŋH /
/lieŋH /
Expected Mandarin Reflex
líng
lìng
lìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex
ling4
ling6
ling6
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
令
令
Reading #
2/3
3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
líng
lìng
Middle Chinese
‹ ljeng ›
‹ ljengH ›
Old Chinese
/*riŋ/
/*riŋ-s/
English
send (a person)
issue a command
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
令
令
令
Reading #
2/5
3/5
5/5
No.
8277
8284
8332
Phonetic component
令
令
令
Rime group
耕
耕
耕
Rime subdivision
0
0
0
Corresponding MC rime
跉
令
零
Old Chinese
/*reŋ/
/*reŋs/
/*reːŋs/
Definitions
令
to order ; to command
order ; command ; directive
to make (someone do something); to cause ; to allow
令 人 ― lìng rén ― to make someone (do something); to make people
( historical ) governor ; magistrate ( official title )
( literary , or in compounds) good ; excellent
令 問 笑談 ,非 錢 不 發 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 令 问 笑谈 ,非 钱 不 发 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: 錢神論 , by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynastyLìng wèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā. Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.
于 時 、初春 令 月 、氣 淑 風 和 、梅 披 鏡 前 之 粉 、蘭 薰 珮 後 之 香 。 [MSC , trad. ] 于 时 、初春 令 月 、气 淑 风 和 、梅 披 镜 前 之 粉 、兰 薰 佩 后 之 香 。 [MSC , simp. ] From: c. 759 CE , Man’yōshū Yú shí, chūchūn lìng yuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng. It was in new spring, in a fair month, When the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze. Plum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white And the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.
( literary , or in compounds) time ; season
( literary , or in compounds) drinker 's wager game ; drinking game
( respectful ) your
令 尊 ― lìng zūn ― your father
令 嬡/ 令 嫒 ― lìng 'ài ― your daughter
( poetry ) Short for 小令 (“ditty”).
a surname
Synonyms
下令 ( xiàlìng ) 吩咐 ( fēnfù ) 命令 ( mìnglìng ) 指令 ( zhǐlìng ) 申令 ( shēnlìng ) ( formal ) 著令 ( zhuólìng ) 號令 / 号令 ( hàolìng ) 責令 / 责令 ( zélìng ) 責成 / 责成 ( zéchéng ) 飭令 / 饬令 ( chìlìng ) ( dated, usually in official documents )
( to cause ) : 使 (shǐ ), 讓 / 让 (ràng ), ( Cantonese ) 令到 (ling6 dou3 ), 搞到 (gaau2 dou3 )
( season ) :
( drinker's wager game ) : 酒令 (jiǔlìng )
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
令
Reading #
1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
líng
Middle Chinese
‹ leng ›
Old Chinese
/*ˁiŋ/
English
脊令 tsjek.leng (a kind of water bird)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
令
Reading #
4/5
No.
8306
Phonetic component
令
Rime group
耕
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
靈
Old Chinese
/*reːŋ/
Definitions
令
Used in 令狐 (Línghú ).
† Used in 令利 .
† Used in 令俜 .
† Used in 令星 .
† Used in 脊令 .
† Original form of 瓴 (líng ).
Etymology 3
Borrowed from English ream .
Pronunciation
Definitions
令
Classifier for reams of paper.
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
令
Reading #
1/5
No.
8271
Phonetic component
令
Rime group
元
Rime subdivision
2
Corresponding MC rime
連
Old Chinese
/*ren/
Definitions
令
† Only used in 令居 (“ancient county in modern Gansu ”).
Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of 令 – see 齡 (“age ; length of time ; duration ; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 齡 ).Notes:
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
令
(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji )
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng ), 令 (MC ljengH ), or 令 (MC lengH ).
Pronunciation
Noun
令( れい ) • (rei )
an order , command , decree
Synonyms: 言い付け ( iitsuke ) , 命令 ( meirei )
( historical ) in ancient China, a regional governor or magistrate
( historical ) in the early Meiji period , the forerunner of a 知事 ( chiji , “ prefectural governor ” )
( historical ) in the Kamakura period , the vice- minister of the 政所 ( mandokoro , “ office of financial affairs ” )
( historical ) under the 律令 ( Ritsuryō ) system, This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.
Synonym: 坊令 ( bōrei )
( rare , law , historical ) an administrative and civil code developed during the Qin dynasty that was, alongside the 律 ( ritsu ) , spread throughout East Asia especially Japan where it was further revised into the 律令 ( Ritsuryō ) system
Affix
令( れい ) • (rei )
act , law , ordinance , rule
law , ordinance , regulation
( historical ) high -ranking official or magistrate
( obsolete ) admonition , teaching
( rare ) beautiful , excellent , fine , good
honorific prefix added before a term of kinship to show respect to someone else 's relative
Derived terms
Proper noun
令( れい ) • (Rei )
a female given name
Etymology 2
/rjau/ → /rjɔː/ → /rjoː/
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng ), 令 (MC ljengH ), or 令 (MC lengH ).
Pronunciation
Noun
令( りょう ) • (ryō ) ←りやう ( ryau ) ?
( law , historical ) an administrative and civil code developed during the Qin dynasty that was, alongside the 律 ( ritsu ) , spread throughout East Asia especially Japan where it was further revised into the 律令 ( Ritsuryō ) system
Derived terms
Affix
令( りょう ) • (ryō ) ←りやう ( ryau ) ?
order , command , decree
law , ordinance , rule
Proper noun
令( りょう ) • (Ryō ) ←りやう ( Ryau ) ?
a female given name
References
↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ), 大辞林 [Daijirin ] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo : Sanseidō , →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary ] (in Japanese), Tokyo : NHK Publishing, Inc. , →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
“to cause; to order; etc.”
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng ).
“an order; a command”
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljengH ).
Pronunciation
( initial position )
( an order; to cause; to order; etc. ) :
( in 영감 (令監 , yeonggam ) ) : (SK Standard /Seoul ) IPA (key ) : Phonetic hangul: Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
( non-initial position )
Hanja
Wikisource
令 (eumhun 하여금 령 ( hayeogeum ryeong ) , word-initial (South Korea) 하여금 영 ( hayeogeum yeong ) )
hanja form? of 령 /영 ( “ an order ; a command ” )
hanja form? of 령 /영 ( “ to cause ; to allow ” )
hanja form? of 령 /영 ( “ to order ; to command ” )
Compounds
Compounds
명령 (命令 , myeongnyeong , “order ”)
영장 (令狀 , yeongjang )
설령 (設令 , seollyeong )
법령 (法令 , beomnyeong )
시령 (時令 , siryeong )
전령 (傳令 , jeollyeong )
가령 (假令 , garyeong )
호령 (號令 , horyeong )
지령 (指令 , jiryeong )
타령 (打令 , taryeong )
영감 (令監 , yeonggam )
발령 (發令 , ballyeong )
칙령 (勅令 , chingnyeong )
훈령 (訓令 , hullyeong )
대령 (待令 , daeryeong )
구령 (口令 , guryeong )
영명 (令名 , yeongmyeong )
영인 (令人 , yeong'in )
각령 (閣令 , gangnyeong )
교령 (敎令 , gyoryeong )
율령 (律令 , yullyeong )
군령 (軍令 , gullyeong )
동령 (動令 , dongnyeong )
정령 (政令 , jeongnyeong )
영달 (令達 , yeongdal )
금령 (禁令 , geumnyeong )
영애 (令愛 , yeong'ae )
References
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 .
Vietnamese
Han character
令 : Hán Nôm readings: lệnh , linh , lanh , lành , lênh , lình , liệng , lịnh , loanh
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.
References