健

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健 U+5065, 健
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5065
← 偤
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 偦 →

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

健 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人弓大手 (ONKQ), four-corner 25240, composition ⿰亻建)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 111, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 875
  • Dae Jaweon: page 237, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5065

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 健
2nd round simp. 伣
alternative forms 徤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 健
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
s05709
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
犍 *ɡran, *kan
騝 *ɡran, *kan
鍵 *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵 *ɡran, *kanʔ
鞬 *kan
腱 *kan, *ɡans
湕 *kanʔ
建 *kans
旔 *kans
楗 *ɡanʔ
健 *ɡans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡans) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans).

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aː(r/l) (“solid, congealed, frozen, viscous, strong”), and cognate with Burmese ခဲ (hkai:, “to freeze”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • giâng - vernacular;
  • giông - literary.
Note:
  • kiāⁿ - vernacular;
  • kiān - literary.
Note:
  • giang6/giêng6 - literary (giêng6 - Chaozhou);
  • gian7 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 健
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑi²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰie²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /kʰian⁵³/
Taoyuan /kʰien⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kin²²/
Nanning /kin²²/
Hong Kong /kin²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kian²²/
/kiã²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kyiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /kiaŋ³⁵/
/kiã³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kin³⁵/
Rime
Character 健
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 元 (65)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 渠建切
Baxter gjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gɨanH/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiɐnH/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭɐnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gɨ̯ɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gin6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 健
Reading # 1/1
No. 6224
Phonetic
component 		建
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		健
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡans/

Definitions

健

  1. strong; robust; vigorous
  2. healthy; in good health
    健康  ―  jiànkāng  ―  health; healthy; sound
  3. adeptly; energetically
  4. a surname

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

健

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. strong, robust, healthy
  2. strength

Readings

Compounds

Proper noun

健(けん) • (Ken) 

  1. a male given name

健(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 健 (MC gjonH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

健 (eumhun 굳셀 건 (gutsel geon))
健 (eumhun 건강할 건 (geon'ganghal geon))

  1. hanja form? of 건 (“strong; firm”)
  2. hanja form? of 건 (“used to form nouns related to health”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

健: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kẹn, lương

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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