債
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See also: 债
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Translingual
Han character
債 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人手一金 (OQMC), four-corner 25286, composition ⿰亻責)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1022
- Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 207, character 10
- Unihan data for U+50B5
Chinese
| trad. | 債 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 债 | |
| alternative forms | 責／责 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 債 |
|---|
 s05920 |
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 債 | *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ |
| 積 | *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ |
| 刺 | *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ |
| 莿 | *sʰeːɡs, *raːds |
| 㓨 | *sʰeɡs |
| 朿 | *sʰeɡs |
| 漬 | *zeɡs |
| 耫 | *zraːd, *zreːɡ |
| 嘖 | *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 幘 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 簀 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 嫧 | *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ |
| 謮 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 責 | *ʔsreːɡ |
| 皟 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 憡 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 策 | *sʰreːɡ |
| 筴 | *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb |
| 拺 | *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ |
| 賾 | *zreːɡ |
| 鰿 | *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ |
| 擌 | *sreːɡ |
| 蹟 | *ʔseɡ |
| 襀 | *ʔseɡ |
| 磧 | *sʰeɡ |
| 洓 | *sʰeɡ |
| 績 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 勣 | *ʔseːɡ |
| 樍 | *ʔseːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).
Etymology
Cognate with 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ, “to request; to hold responsible”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai3
- Gan (Wiktionary): zai4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zai3
- Northern Min (KCR): ca̿i
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
- Wade–Giles: chai4
- Yale: jài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
- Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zaai3
- Yale: jaai
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai3
- Guangdong Romanization: zai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai
- Hakka Romanization System: zai
- Hagfa Pinyim: zai4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ca̿i
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- chè/chèe - vernacular;
- chài - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zê3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsè
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡se²¹³/
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 債 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡sai⁵³/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡sai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sai⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sɛ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sai²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sai³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sai¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sai²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sai⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sæ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sa³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sɑ⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sa⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sa³²⁴/ /t͡sɛ³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sa⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sai⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sai⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sɑi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sai³³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sai³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sai³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sai²¹/ /t͡se²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sɑi²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sai³³/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡se²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sai³⁵/ /t͡sɛ³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: tsreaH, tsreak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤrek-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːɡs/, /*ʔsreːɡ/
Definitions
債
- debt; loan; liabilities
- (figurative) owed thing
Compounds
- 了債／了债
- 京債／京债
- 倒債／倒债
- 借債／借债 (jièzhài)
- 債主／债主 (zhàizhǔ)
- 債利／债利
- 債券／债券 (zhàiquàn)
- 債務／债务 (zhàiwù)
- 債務人／债务人 (zhàiwùrén)
- 債戶／债户
- 債樁／债桩
- 債權／债权 (zhàiquán)
- 債權人／债权人 (zhàiquánrén)
- 債權憑證／债权凭证
- 債臺高築／债台高筑 (zhàitáigāozhù)
- 償債／偿债 (chángzhài)
- 兒女債／儿女债
- 內債／内债 (nèizhài)
- 公債／公债 (gōngzhài)
- 公債券／公债券 (gōngzhàiquàn)
- 公司債／公司债
- 公司債券／公司债券
- 冷債／冷债
- 募債／募债
- 國債／国债 (guózhài)
- 國家公債／国家公债
- 外債／外债 (wàizhài)
- 宿債／宿债
- 建設公債／建设公债
- 抵債／抵债
- 捍債／捍债
- 揭債／揭债
- 揭債還債／揭债还债
- 放京債／放京债
- 放來生債／放来生债
- 放債／放债 (fàngzhài)
- 欠債／欠债 (qiànzhài)
- 欠債還錢／欠债还钱
- 氧債／氧债
- 流動負債／流动负债
- 父債子還／父债子还
- 相思債／相思债
- 私債／私债
- 索債／索债 (suǒzhài)
- 膿血債／脓血债
- 自由公債／自由公债
- 舉債／举债 (jǔzhài)
- 血債／血债 (xuèzhài)
- 血債血還／血债血还 (xuèzhàixuèhuán)
- 討債／讨债 (tǎozhài)
- 討債鬼／讨债鬼
- 負債／负债 (fùzhài)
- 負債累累／负债累累 (fùzhài lěilěi)
- 賴債／赖债
- 躲債／躲债 (duǒzhài)
- 逃債／逃债 (táozhài)
- 逃債臺／逃债台
- 逼債／逼债 (bīzhài)
- 避債／避债 (bìzhài)
- 還債／还债 (huánzhài)
- 鉤腸債／钩肠债
- 風情月債／风情月债
- 風流債／风流债
- 麻衣債／麻衣债
Japanese
Kanji
債
Readings
Compounds
Noun
Korean
Hanja
債 (eum 채 (chae))
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Vietnamese
Han character
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