傾く

/katabuku/ → /katamuku/

Shift from katabuku (see Etymology 2), the medial /-b-/ loses plosive and becomes a nasal /-m-/.

• (Tokyo) かたむく (Nakadaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

傾(かたむ)く • (katamuku) intransitive godan (stem 傾(かたむ)き (katamuki), past 傾(かたむ)いた (katamuita))

1. to tilt, lean, incline

   Synonyms: 傾ぐ (katagu); 偏る, 片寄る (katayoru)

2. to favor
3. to wane
4. to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
5. to set in the west, setting of the sun or moon

   太陽(たいよう)が傾(かたむ)く

   taiyō ga katamuku

   the sun sets

• 傾(かたむ)き (katamuki)
• 傾(かたむ)ける (katamukeru)
• 傾(かたむき)山(やま) (Katamuki-yama)

• 気持(きも)ちが傾(かたむ)く (kimochi ga katamuku)

• 哲婦(てっぷ)城(しろ)を傾(かたむ)く (teppu shiro o katamuku)
• 一行(いっこう)失(しっ)すれば百行(はっこう)ともに傾(かたむ)く (ikkō shissureba hakkō tomo ni katamuku)

From Old Japanese.

• (Tokyo) かたぶく (Nakadaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

傾(かたぶ)く • (katabuku) intransitive godan (stem 傾(かたぶ)き (katabuki), past 傾(かたぶ)いた (katabuita))

1. (archaic) to tilt, lean

   日(ひ)の道(みち)や　葵(あふひ)傾(かたぶ)く　五(さ)月(つき)雨(あめ)

   hi no michi ya, aoi katabuku, satsuki-ame

   The sun's way: hollyhocks turn toward it through all the rain of May.^[2]

   Synonym: 傾ぐ (katagu)

2. (archaic) to think something strange or odd
3. (archaic) to set in the west, said of the sun or moon
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 17, poem 3955:
     , text here

     奴婆多麻乃(ぬばたまの)欲波布氣奴良之(よはふけぬらし)多末久之氣(たまくしげ)敷多我美夜麻尓(ふたがみやまに)月(つき)加多夫伎奴(かたぶきぬ) [Man'yōgana]

     ぬばたまの夜(よ)は更(ふ)けぬらし玉(たま)櫛(くし)笥(げ)二上山(ふたがみやま)に月(つき)かたぶきぬ [Modern spelling]

     nubatama no yo wa fukenurashi tama-kushige futagami-yama ni tsuki katabukinu

     It seems that the night, as pitch-black jade, has deepened. The moon has declined over mountain.^[3]

   • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 680; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 59)

     やすらはで寝(ね)なましものをさ夜(よ)更(ふ)けてかたぶくまでの月(つき)を見(み)しかな

     yasura wa de ne na mashi mono o sayo fukete katabuku made no tsuki o mishi kana

     I should not have waited. It would have been better to have slept and dreamed, than to have watched night pass, and this slow moon sink.^[4]

4. (archaic) to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 106:

     意富美夜能(おほみやの)袁登都波多傳(をとつはたで)須美(すみ)加多夫祁理(かたぶけり) [Man'yōgana]

     大宮(おほみや)の彼(をと)つ端(はた)手(で)隅(すみ)傾(かたぶ)けり [Modern spelling]

     ōmiya no oto tsu hatade sumi katabukeri

     At the great palace yonder eaveline's comets are slumping to the ground.^[5]

5. to favor
6. to blame; to criticize (US)/criticise (UK) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

   Synonym: 非難する (hinan suru)

• 傾(かたぶ)き (katabuki)
• 傾(かたむ)く (katamuku)
• 傾(かたぶ)ける (katabukeru)

From 頭 (kabu, “head”) + く (-ku, verbal suffix).

The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), likely from the tilt sense. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

傾(かぶ)く • (kabuku) intransitive godan (stem 傾(かぶ)き (kabuki), past 傾(かぶ)いた (kabuita))

1. (archaic) to tilt one's head
2. (archaic) to dress or act in a strange or eccentric way to attract one's attention
3. (archaic) to perform kabuki

• 歌舞伎(かぶき) (kabuki, “kabuki”)