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U+5141, 允
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5141

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 10, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 123, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 265, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5141

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod.

Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic (person).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ:

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /yn²¹⁴/
/ʐuən²¹⁴/
Harbin /yn²¹³/
Tianjin /yŋ¹³/
Jinan /yẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yn⁵³/
Xi'an /yẽ⁵³/
Xining /yə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ⁵¹/
/vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn⁴²/
Chengdu /yn⁵³/
/yoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /in⁴²/
Kunming /ĩ⁵³/
Nanjing /yn²¹²/
Hefei /yn²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /yŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyŋ²³/
/ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /yən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³/
Wenzhou /j̠oŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /yan²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn⁴¹/
Xiangtan /yn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /yn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐn³⁵/
Nanning /wɐn³⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /un⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (36)
Final () (47)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiuɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/jʷinX/
Shao
Rongfen
/juenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jwinX/
Li
Rong
/iuĕnX/
Wang
Li
/jĭuĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/i̯uĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǔn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wan5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǔn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ywinX ›
Old
Chinese
/*uʔ/
English truly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16452
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*lunʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. to allow; to consent; to permit
      ―  yǔn  ―  to allow
  2. fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial
      ―  gōngyǔn  ―  fair
  3. proper; suitable; appropriate
  4. honest; genuine
  5. a surname

Synonyms

  • (to allow):
  • (fair):
  • (proper):
  • (honest):

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. consent
  2. sincerity
  3. permit

Readings

  • Go-on: いん (in)
  • Kan-on: いん (in)
  • Kun: まこと (makoto, )ゆるす (yurusu, 允す)じょう (, )
  • Nanori: なり (nari) (ya)

Proper noun

(まこと) (Makoto

  1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

(eum (yun))

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Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: doãn, duẫn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.