冷
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Traditional | 冷 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 冷 |
| Japanese | 冷 |
| Korean | 冷 |
Han character
冷 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈戈 (IMOII), four-corner 38127, composition ⿰冫令)
Derived characters
See also
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1622
- Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 5
- Unihan data for U+51B7
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 冷 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
| 零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
| 命 | *mreŋs |
| 冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
| 嶺 | *reŋʔ |
| 領 | *reŋʔ |
| 阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 袊 | *reŋʔ |
| 詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
| 旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 舲 | *reːŋ |
| 齡 | *reːŋ |
| 囹 | *reːŋ |
| 鴒 | *reːŋ |
| 蛉 | *reːŋ |
| 鈴 | *reːŋ |
| 苓 | *reːŋ |
| 伶 | *reːŋ |
| 泠 | *reːŋ |
| 瓴 | *reːŋ |
| 拎 | *reːŋ |
| 刢 | *reːŋ |
| 玲 | *reːŋ |
| 聆 | *reːŋ |
| 竛 | *reːŋ |
| 軨 | *reːŋ |
| 笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 翎 | *reːŋ |
| 閝 | *reːŋ |
| 鹷 | *reːŋ |
| 昤 | *reːŋ |
| 駖 | *reːŋ |
| 彾 | *reːŋ |
| 呤 | *reːŋ |
| 狑 | *reːŋ |
| 秢 | *reːŋ |
| 岭 | *reːŋ |
| 紷 | *reːŋ |
| 砱 | *reːŋ |
| 羚 | *reːŋ |
| 姈 | *reːŋ |
| 蕶 | *reːŋ |
| 澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – cold as ice.
Etymology 1
| trad. | 冷 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 冷 | |
A vocalic variant of 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, “chilly; cold”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nen3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лын (lɨn, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lang3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): leng2
- Northern Min (KCR): lǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): lēng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lan
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): len3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lěng
- Wade–Giles: lêng3
- Yale: lěng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leeng
- Palladius: лэн (lɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɤŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nen3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: len
- Sinological IPA (key): /nən⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лын (lɨn, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ləŋ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laang5
- Yale: láahng
- Cantonese Pinyin: laang5
- Guangdong Romanization: lang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lang4 / lang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ²¹/, /laŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lâng
- Hakka Romanization System: langˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lang1
- Sinological IPA: /laŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: langˋ
- Sinological IPA: /laŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: leng2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ləŋ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /laiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɛiŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: len3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lən⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: laengX, lengX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤeŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋʔ/, /*reːŋʔ/
Definitions
冷
- cold; cool
- (dialectal) to cool; to cool down; to become cold
- cold; desolate; quiet
- cold; indifferent
- to dishearten
- idle
- disdainful; sarcastic
- neglected; not popular
- unfamiliar; rare
- 冷僻 ― lěngpì ― rare
- corny; lame
- sudden; unexpected
- a surname
Synonyms
- (cold):
Compounds
- 乍冷乍熱／乍冷乍热
- 乾冷／干冷 (gānlěng)
- 人情冷暖 (rénqínglěngnuǎn)
- 人間冷暖／人间冷暖
- 令人齒冷／令人齿冷
- 僵冷
- 冒冷汗
- 冰冷 (bīnglěng)
- 冰冷無味／冰冷无味
- 冰清水冷
- 冰清鬼冷
- 冷一句，熱一句／冷一句，热一句
- 冷一陣，熱一陣／冷一阵，热一阵
- 冷丁
- 冷丁丁
- 冷不丁 (lěngbùdīng)
- 冷不防 (lěngbùfáng)
- 冷低壓／冷低压
- 冷債／冷债
- 冷僻 (lěngpì)
- 冷光 (lěngguāng)
- 冷兵器 (lěngbīngqì)
- 冷冰冰 (lěngbīngbīng)
- 冷冷
- 冷冷清清 (lěnglěngqīngqīng)
- 冷冷落落
- 冷冽 (lěngliè)
- 冷凍／冷冻 (lěngdòng)
- 冷凍乾燥／冷冻干燥
- 冷凍蔬菜／冷冻蔬菜
- 冷凍食品／冷冻食品 (lěngdòng shípǐn)
- 冷凝 (lěngníng)
- 冷凝劑／冷凝剂
- 冷凝器
- 冷凝管
- 冷加工
- 冷勁／冷劲
- 冷卻／冷却 (lěngquè)
- 冷卻器／冷却器
- 冷口冷心
- 冷吱吱 (léng-ki-ki) (Hokkien)
- 冷呵呵
- 冷嗦嗦
- 冷噓噓／冷嘘嘘
- 冷嘲熱罵／冷嘲热骂
- 冷嘲熱諷／冷嘲热讽 (lěngcháorèfěng)
- 冷噤
- 冷地裡／冷地里
- 冷場／冷场 (lěngchǎng)
- 冷天 (lěngtiān)
- 冷媒 (lěngméi)
- 冷子 (lěngzi)
- 冷字 (lěngzì)
- 冷孤丁
- 冷官
- 冷宮／冷宫 (lěnggōng)
- 冷害 (lěnghài)
- 冷寂 (lěngjì)
- 冷局
- 冷峻
- 冷峭
- 冷巷 (lěngxiàng)
- 冷布
- 冷帳不問／冷帐不问
- 冷平流
- 冷床
- 冷度
- 冷庫／冷库 (lěngkù)
- 冷式排版
- 冷待 (lěngdài)
- 冷徑／冷径
- 冷心 (lěngxīn)
- 冷心冷面
- 冷心腸／冷心肠
- 冷悽悽／冷凄凄
- 冷感症
- 冷戰／冷战
- 冷房 (lěngfáng)
- 冷攤／冷摊
- 冷敷 (lěngfū)
- 冷敷法
- 冷暖 (lěngnuǎn)
- 冷暖自知
- 冷服
- 冷杉 (lěngshān)
- 冷板凳 (lěngbǎndèng)
- 冷板曲
- 冷森森
- 冷業／冷业
- 冷槍／冷枪
- 冷櫃／冷柜 (lěngguì)
- 冷氣／冷气 (lěngqì)
- 冷氣團／冷气团
- 冷氣房／冷气房 (lěngqìfáng)
- 冷氣機／冷气机 (lěngqìjī)
- 冷氣設備／冷气设备
- 冷氣車／冷气车
- 冷水 (lěngshuǐ)
- 冷水塔
- 冷水浴 (lěngshuǐyù)
- 冷水澆頭／冷水浇头
- 冷水澡
- 冷水養殖／冷水养殖
- 冷汗 (lěnghàn)
- 冷泉 (lěngquán)
- 冷浴
- 冷淡 (lěngdàn)
- 冷淘
- 冷清 (lěngqīng)
- 冷清清 (lěngqīngqīng)
- 冷漠 (lěngmò)
- 冷澀／冷涩
- 冷灰爆豆
- 冷灶
- 冷灶清鍋／冷灶清锅
- 冷炙
- 冷炮
- 冷焊
- 冷然 (lěngrán)
- 冷焰
- 冷熱病／冷热病
- 冷燙／冷烫
- 冷療／冷疗
- 冷盤／冷盘 (lěngpán)
- 冷盤兒／冷盘儿
- 冷眉冷眼
- 冷眼 (lěngyǎn)
- 冷眼人
- 冷眼旁觀／冷眼旁观 (lěngyǎnpángguān)
- 冷眼溜冰
- 冷破
- 冷硬
- 冷碟
- 冷碟兒／冷碟儿
- 冷視／冷视
- 冷禁
- 冷笑 (lěngxiào)
- 冷節／冷节
- 冷箭 (lěngjiàn)
- 冷絲兒絲兒／冷丝儿丝儿
- 冷絲絲／冷丝丝
- 冷縮／冷缩
- 冷肩膀
- 冷背
- 冷能
- 冷腸／冷肠
- 冷臉子／冷脸子 (lěngliǎnzi)
- 冷色
- 冷艷／冷艳 (lěngyàn)
- 冷若冰霜
- 冷莊子／冷庄子
- 冷菜 (lěngcài)
- 冷葷／冷荤 (lěnghūn)
- 冷落 (lěngluò)
- 冷藏 (lěngcáng)
- 冷藏倉庫／冷藏仓库
- 冷藏室
- 冷藏庫／冷藏库 (lěngcángkù)
- 冷藏法
- 冷藏船
- 冷藏車／冷藏车 (lěngcángchē)
- 冷藏間／冷藏间
- 冷處理／冷处理 (lěngchǔlǐ)
- 冷血 (lěngxuè)
- 冷血動物／冷血动物 (lěngxuè dòngwù)
- 冷覺／冷觉
- 冷言
- 冷言冷語／冷言冷语 (lěngyán lěngyǔ)
- 冷言熱語／冷言热语
- 冷話／冷话
- 冷語／冷语 (lěngyǔ)
- 冷語侵人／冷语侵人
- 冷語冰人／冷语冰人
- 冷譏熱嘲／冷讥热嘲
- 冷豔／冷艳 (lěngyàn)
- 冷貨／冷货
- 冷軋／冷轧
- 冷軋鋼板／冷轧钢板
- 冷遇 (lěngyù)
- 冷酷 (lěngkù)
- 冷金
- 冷金箋／冷金笺
- 冷鋒／冷锋 (lěngfēng)
- 冷鋪／冷铺
- 冷門／冷门 (lěngmén)
- 冷門兒／冷门儿
- 冷門貨／冷门货
- 冷霜 (lěngshuāng)
- 冷霜霜
- 冷霧／冷雾
- 冷靜／冷静 (lěngjìng)
- 冷面 (lěngmiàn)
- 冷面冷心
- 冷項／冷项
- 冷顫／冷颤
- 冷風／冷风 (lěngfēng)
- 冷颼颼／冷飕飕 (lěngsōusōu)
- 冷食 (lěngshí)
- 冷飲／冷饮 (lěngyǐn)
- 冷飯／冷饭 (lěngfàn)
- 冷餐 (lěngcān)
- 冷高壓／冷高压
- 冷麵／冷面 (lěngmiàn)
- 冷鼻凹
- 冷齋夜話／冷斋夜话
- 出冷門／出冷门
- 刮冷風／刮冷风 (guā lěngfēng)
- 受冷落
- 吹冷風／吹冷风 (chuī lěngfēng)
- 坐冷子
- 坐冷板凳 (zuò lěngbǎndèng)
- 坑灰未冷
- 大爆冷門／大爆冷门
- 害冷
- 寒冷 (hánlěng)
- 平山冷燕
- 心冷
- 心灰意冷 (xīnhuīyìlěng)
- 忽冷忽熱／忽冷忽热 (hūlěnghūrè)
- 性冷感 (xìnglěnggǎn)
- 態度冷靜／态度冷静
- 打入冷宮／打入冷宫
- 打冷嗝
- 打冷戰／打冷战
- 打冷槍／打冷枪
- 抽冷子
- 捉冷眼
- 放冷炮
- 放冷箭
- 暴冷
- 枕冷衾寒
- 殘杯冷炙／残杯冷炙 (cánbēilěngzhì)
- 殘槃冷炙／残槃冷炙
- 殘羹冷炙／残羹冷炙
- 殘羹冷飯／残羹冷饭
- 水冷式
- 淒冷／凄冷
- 清冷 (qīnglěng)
- 淡冷處／淡冷处
- 清灰冷灶
- 潑冷水／泼冷水 (pō lěngshuǐ)
- 澆冷水／浇冷水
- 炒冷飯／炒冷饭 (chǎo lěngfàn)
- 燒冷灶／烧冷灶
- 爆冷 (bàolěng)
- 爆冷門／爆冷门 (bào lěngmén)
- 生冷 (shēnglěng)
- 發冷／发冷 (fālěng)
- 看冷暖
- 繡幃香冷／绣帏香冷
- 耶路撒冷 (Yēlùsālěng)
- 虛心冷氣／虚心冷气
- 衾寒枕冷
- 話冷雞窗／话冷鸡窗
- 輕水冷卻／轻水冷却
- 陰冷／阴冷 (yīnlěng)
- 餘杯冷炙／余杯冷炙
- 高冷地 (gāolěngdì)
- 齒冷／齿冷 (chǐlěng)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: líng
- Wade–Giles: ling2
- Yale: líng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: leng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Definitions
冷
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
- Wade–Giles: ling3
- Yale: lǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
冷
- Only used in 㓑冷.
Etymology 2
| trad. | 冷 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 冷 | |
| alternative forms | 唥 𦀬 Guangxi | |
Borrowed from French laine (“wool”).
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laang5-1
- Yale: lāang
- Cantonese Pinyin: laang5-1
- Guangdong Romanization: lang5-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
冷
- (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) woollen yarn (Classifier: 條／条 c; 嚿 c)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 毛線 (“knitting wool; wool yarn”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 毛線 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 毛線 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 毛線 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 毛線 |
| Wanrong | 毛線 | |
| Xi'an | 毛線 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 絨線, 絨 |
| Guiyang | 毛線, 頭繩 dated | |
| Liuzhou | 冷 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 絨線, 頭繩 dated, 扎綆 dated |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 毛冷, 冷 |
| Hong Kong | 毛冷, 冷 | |
| Taishan | 冷 | |
| Dongguan | 冷 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 頭繩子 |
| Pingxiang | 毛線, 洋紅繩, 毛繩, 繩子 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 羊毛索 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 毛線 |
| Xinzhou | 毛線子 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 羊毛索 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 羊毛 |
| Tainan | 膨紗 | |
| Shantou | 羊毛 | |
| Jieyang | 羊毛線, 羊毛紗, 羊毛 | |
| Leizhou | 冷 | |
| Haikou | 冷 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冷 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 絨線, 頭繩 dated |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 頭繩 | |
| Danyang | 絨線 | |
| Hangzhou | 絨線 | |
| Ningbo | 絨線 | |
| Wenzhou | 絨 | |
| Jinhua | 毛線 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洋繩子 |
Compounds
Etymology 3
| trad. | 冷 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 冷 | |
| alternative forms | 唥 | |
Borrowed from Teochew 儂／侬 (nang5, “person”).
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laang5-1
- Yale: lāang
- Cantonese Pinyin: laang5-1
- Guangdong Romanization: lang5-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
冷
- (Cantonese, slang, humorous) guy; person (Classifier: 條／条 c)
- (Cantonese) Used in words related to Teochew people.
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
冷
Readings
- Go-on: りょう (ryō)←りやう (ryau, historical)
- Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひや (hiya, 冷や, Jōyō)、さめる (sameru, 冷める, Jōyō)、さます (samasu, 冷ます, Jōyō)、つめたい (tsumetai, 冷たい, Jōyō)、ひえる (hieru, 冷える, Jōyō)←ひえる (fieru, ひえる, historical)←ひ𛀁る (fyeru, ひ𛀁る, ancient)、ひやかす (hiyakasu, 冷やかす, Jōyō)、ひやす (hiyasu, 冷やす, Jōyō)、ひやっこい (hiyakkoi, 冷っこい)、しゃっこい (shakkoi, 冷っこい)
Compounds
Derived terms
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冷 |
| ひや Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 冷 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 冷, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja
冷 (eumhun 찰 랭 (chal raeng), word-initial (South Korea) 찰 냉 (chal naeng))
Vietnamese
Han character
冷: Hán Việt readings: lãnh[1]
冷: Nôm readings: linh[2], liểng[2], lành[3], lãnh[2], lênh[2], lạnh[4], lảnh[3], rãnh[2], rảnh[3]