凌ぐ

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
凌
しの
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「凌ぐ」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		凌ぐ しのぐ
Imperative (命令形) 凌げ しのげ
Key constructions
Passive 凌がれる しのがれる
Causative 凌がせる しのがせる
Potential 凌げる しのげる
Volitional 凌ごう しのごー
Negative 凌がない しのがない
Negative perfective 凌がなかった しのがなかった
Formal 凌ぎます しのぎます
Perfective 凌いだ しのいだ
Conjunctive 凌いで しのいで
Hypothetical conditional 凌げば しのげば

Verb

凌(しの)ぐ • (shinogu) transitive godan (stem 凌(しの)ぎ (shinogi), past 凌(しの)いだ (shinoida))

  1. weather out, endure, stave off
  2. outdo, surpass

Conjugation

Conjugation of "凌ぐ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 凌が しのが shinoga
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 凌ぎ しのぎ shinogi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 凌ぐ しのぐ shinogu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 凌ぐ しのぐ shinogu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 凌げ しのげ shinoge
Meireikei ("imperative") 凌げ しのげ shinoge
Key constructions
Passive 凌がれる しのがれる shinogareru
Causative 凌がせる
凌がす 		しのがせる
しのがす 		shinogaseru
shinogasu
Potential 凌げる しのげる shinogeru
Volitional 凌ごう しのごう shinogō
Negative 凌がない しのがない shinoganai
Negative continuative 凌がず しのがず shinogazu
Formal 凌ぎます しのぎます shinogimasu
Perfective 凌いだ しのいだ shinoida
Conjunctive 凌いで しのいで shinoide
Hypothetical conditional 凌げば しのげば shinogeba
Classical conjugation of "凌ぐ" (ガ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 凌が しのが sinoga
Continuative (連用形) 凌ぎ しのぎ sinogi
Terminal (終止形) 凌ぐ しのぐ sinogu
Attributive (連体形) 凌ぐ しのぐ sinogu
Realis (已然形) 凌げ しのげ sinoge
Imperative (命令形) 凌げ しのげ sinoge
Key constructions
Negative 凌がず しのがず sinogazu
Contrasting conjunction 凌げど しのげど sinogedo
Causal conjunction 凌げば しのげば sinogeba
Conditional conjunction 凌がば しのがば sinogaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 凌ぎき しのぎき sinogiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 凌ぎけり しのぎけり sinogikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 凌ぎつ しのぎつ sinogitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 凌ぎぬ しのぎぬ sinoginu
Perfect-continuative tense 凌げり
凌ぎたり		 しのげり
しのぎたり		 sinogeri
sinogitari
Volitional 凌がむ しのがむ sinogamu

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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