凶

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See also: 兇, 区, and 𠄡
凶 U+51F6, 凶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51F6
← 凵
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 凷 →

Translingual

Han character

凶 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 山大 (UK), four-corner 22770, composition ⿶凵㐅)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1803
  • Dae Jaweon: page 300, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 306, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+51F6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凶
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
s05171
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30005
L00905
L00906
L00907
L00908
L00909
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (凶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
酗 *qʰos
凶 *qʰoŋ
匈 *qʰoŋ
兇 *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ
訩 *qʰoŋ
胸 *qʰoŋ
胷 *qʰoŋ
洶 *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ
恟 *qʰoŋ
詾 *qʰoŋ, *qʰoŋʔ

Pictogram (象形) and/or Ideogram (指事)- with the '凵' component representing a hole in the ground and with the '㐅' component (if an ideogram) indicating the existence of a hole and/or (if a pictogram) representing rock, mud, stone or bamboo in the hole. Alternately, could be derived from the upper component of '㚇'.

Etymology

simp. and trad.
 凶
alternative forms 㐫
㓙
兇

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 凶
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許容切
Baxter xjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/huawŋ/
Li
Rong 		/xioŋ/
Wang
Li 		/xĭwoŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 凶
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiōng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjowng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰ(r)oŋ/
English unlucky

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 凶
Reading # 1/1
No. 13889
Phonetic
component 		凶
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		胷
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰoŋ/

Definitions

凶

  1. inauspicious; bad luck; bad omen
    Antonym: 吉 (jí)
  2. to have a famine due to crop failure
    凶年  ―  xiōngnián  ―  year of bad harvest and famine
  3. fierce; ferocious
    alt. forms: 兇 / 凶 (xiōng)
  4. terrible; fearful
    alt. forms: 兇 / 凶 (xiōng)
  5. act of violence; murder; evil
    alt. forms: 兇 / 凶 (xiōng)
  6. ruffian; evildoer; criminal
    alt. forms: 兇 / 凶 (xiōng)

Compounds

See also

For pronunciation and definitions of 凶 – see 兇 (“terrible; ferocious”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 兇).
Notes:

References

  • “凶”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “凶”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

Japanese

Kanji

凶

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. ominous
  2. killing, terrible

Readings

  • Go-on: く (ku)、くう (kū)
  • Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: わるい (warui, 凶い)

Compounds

Pronunciation

Noun

Kanji in this term
凶
きょう
Grade: S
kan'on
Alternative spelling
兇

凶(きょう) • (kyō) 

  1. ill fortune

References

  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

凶 (eumhun 흉할 흉 (hyunghal hyung))

  1. hanja form? of 흉 (“ominous; terrible”)

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

凶: Hán Nôm readings: hung

  1. chữ Hán form of hung (“inauspicious, unlucky, ominous”)

References

  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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