副

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

副 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 1260₀, composition ⿰畐刂)

• 㨽, 𫋖, 𨄩, 𠠦, 𦸕

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
• Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 347, character 16
• Unihan data for U+526F

Historical forms of the character 副
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ): phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Jiajie (假借) from 褔 (fù, “to be filled with”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

副

1. subsidiary, auxiliary; sub-; vice-

   副手  ―  fùshǒu  ―  deputy

   副省級／副省级  ―  fùshěngjí  ―  sub-provincial level

   副總統／副总统  ―  fùzǒngtǒng  ―  vice-president

2. auxiliary position; deputy officer
   1. (nautical) mate (officer of a ship)

      大副  ―  dàfù  ―  first mate

3. secondary (as opposed to primary), para-; accompanying

   副產物／副产物  ―  fùchǎnwù  ―  byproduct

   副作用  ―  fùzuòyòng  ―  side effect

   • 秦皇帝東游，良與客狙擊秦皇帝博浪沙中，誤中副車。
     秦皇帝东游，良与客狙击秦皇帝博浪沙中，误中副车。

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Qín Huángdì dōng yóu, Liáng yǔ kè jūjī Qín Huángdì Bólàng shā zhōng, wù zhòng fù chē.

     Zhang Liang and his hire were lying in wait in the dunes of Bolang to attack the Emperor of Qin who was on his eastward tour. However, they hit his auxiliary carriage by mistake.

4. (grammar) short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”)
5. (Classical) to assist, support, aid
6. duplicate

   副本  ―  fùběn  ―  duplicate; copy

   • 藏之名山，副在京師，俟後世聖人君子。
     藏之名山，副在京师，俟后世圣人君子。

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Cáng zhī míngshān, fù zài Jīngshī, sì hòushì shèngrén jūnzǐ.

     I will induct them into the monumentous archives of the state while the copies circulate in our capital. By this, I await the future generations of wisdom and virtue.

7. (literary) to match; to agree; to be concordant; to be congruent

   名不副實／名不副实  ―  míngbùfùshí  ―  in name only; the name/reputation fails to match the reality

   • 華實副則禮。
     华实副则礼。

     From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version

     Huá shí fù zé lǐ.

     If ornamentation and substance are paired, then it is li.

8. (historical, clothing) ornamental headdress worn by queens or noblewomen

   • 夫人副褘立于房中。
     夫人副袆立于房中。

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fūrén fù yī lì yú fáng zhōng.

     nd his wife, in her head-dress and embroidered robe, stood in her room.

9. (Classical) to spread, flow, diffuse

   Synonym: 敷 (fū)

10. (Classical) to hand over; to allocate
11. used in 副能
12. Classifier for pairs, sets of things, medical prescriptions, facial expressions, etc..

    一副手套  ―  yī fù shǒutào  ―  a pair of gloves

    一副小人嘴臉／一副小人嘴脸  ―  yī fù xiǎorén zuǐliǎn  ―  a face (roughly, "a set of looks") with "villain" written all over it

    alt. forms: 付 (fù)

13. a surname

As a classifier, it should not be confused with 幅 (fú).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

副

1. (Classical) to split open

   Synonym: 判 (pàn)

• “副”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “副”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 70.
• 羅竹風 , editor (1986–1994), “副”, in 漢語大詞典 (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00365

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)、ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)、ふう (fū)
• Kun: そう (sou, 副う)、そえ (soe)

• 介(かい)副(ぞえ) (kaizoe)

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH).

(noun sense only)

• (Tokyo) ふく (Odaka – )
• IPA^(key):

副(ふく) • (fuku) 

1. copy
2. short for 副詞 (fukushi, “adverb”)

副(ふく) • (fuku-) 

1. assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH). Recorded as Middle Korean 부〯 (pwǔ) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

副

Wikisource

副 (eumhun 버금 부 (beogeum bu))

1. hanja form^? of 부 (“secondary; auxiliary”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

副: Hán Nôm readings: phó, pho

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.