加

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See also: 叻 and 另
加 U+52A0, 加
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A0
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Translingual

Han character

加 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大尸口 (KSR), four-corner 46000, composition ⿰力口)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 329, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 366, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+52A0

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 加

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 加
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妿 *kaːl, *qaːl
賀 *ɡaːls
迦 *ka, *kal, *kraːl
茄 *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
伽 *ɡa, *ɡal
枷 *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
嘉 *kraːl
加 *kraːl
笳 *kraːl
痂 *kraːl
袈 *kraːl
跏 *kraːl
珈 *kraːl
鴐 *kraːl
架 *kraːls
駕 *kraːls
瘸 *ɡʷal

Shuowen: ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 力 (“strength”) + 口 (“mouth”) — exaggerate; slander.

Sun Changxu: ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 力 (“plowing”) + 口 (“mouth”) — to put more effort. 口 here indicates exclamations or breath associated with the effort.

Etymology

駕 (OC *kraːls, “to yoke”) is the exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”), Burmese ကြား (kra:, “between”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ka - literary;
  • ke/kee - vernacular.
Note:
  • gia1 - literary;
  • gê1 - vernacular.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: gia1 / ge1
      • Sinological IPA: /kia³⁵/, /kɛ³⁵/
Note:
  • gia1 - literary;
  • ge1 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 加
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古牙切
Baxter kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ka/
Wang
Li 		/ka/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 加
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁraj/
English add

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 加
Reading # 1/1
No. 5873
Phonetic
component 		加
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		嘉
Old
Chinese 		/*kraːl/

Definitions

加

  1. to put on top of another object
  2. to add; to put in
    加鹽／加盐  ―  jiā yán  ―  to add salt
  3. to increase; to raise
  4. to impose; to foist; to grant
  5. placed after a monosyllabic adverb to indicate an increase in the degree; more
  6. (arithmetic) to add
    Antonym: 減 / 减 (jiǎn)
  7. (social media) to friend
    掃碼加我／扫码加我  ―  sǎomǎ jiā wǒ  ―  scan the QR code to friend me
    加你微信  ―  jiā nǐ Wēixìn  ―  to add your WeChat
  8. Used in transcription.
    加蓬  ―  Jiāpéng  ―  Gabon
    孟加拉  ―  Mèngjiālā  ―  Bangladesh
    加沙地帶／加沙地带  ―  Jiāshā dìdài  ―  Gaza Strip
    加利福尼亞／加利福尼亚  ―  Jiālìfúníyà  ―  California
    邦加羅爾／邦加罗尔  ―  Bāngjiāluó'ěr  ―  Bengaluru
    加拉加斯  ―  Jiālājiāsī  ―  Caracas
    加百列  ―  Jiābǎiliè  ―  Archangel Gabriel
    貢扎加／贡扎加  ―  Gòngzhājiā  ―  House of Gonzaga
    維加鳥科／维加鸟科  ―  Wéijiā niǎokē  ―  Vegaviidae
    1. Short for 加拿大 (Jiānádà, “Canada”).
      美加邊界／美加边界  ―  Měi Jiā biānjiè  ―  Canada-United States border
      加國／加国  ―  jiāguó  ―  Canada
      訪加／访加  ―  fǎng jiā  ―  (formal) to visit Canada
  9. a surname

Synonyms

  • (to add): 添 (tiān), (colloquial) 續／续 (xù)
  • (to increase):
Dialectal synonyms of 加拿大 (“Canada”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 加拿大
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 加拿大, 加國
Cantonese Hong Kong 加拿大, 加國
Taishan 加拿大
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 加拿大
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 加拿大
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 加拿大
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 加拿大
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 加拿大
Southern Min Xiamen 加拿大
Quanzhou 加拿大
Zhangzhou 加拿大
Manila (Hokkien) 加拿大

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

加

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. add, addition, increase
  2. Canada

Readings

  • Go-on: け (ke)
  • Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
  • Kun: くわえる (kuwaeru, 加える, Jōyō)、くわわる (kuwawaru, 加わる, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
加
か
Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

Noun

加(か) • (ka) 

  1. addition

Affix

加(か) • (ka) 

  1. addition
  2. Short for カナダ (“Canada (a country)”).
  3. (US) Short for 加州 (“California (a state of the United States)”).

Korean

Hanja

加 (eumhun 더할 가 (deohal ga))

  1. hanja form? of 가 (“to add”)

Compounds

  1. 加入 (가입)
  2. 加濕機 (가습기)
  3. 追加 (추가)
  4. 增加 (증가)
  5. 參加 (참가)
  6. 添加 (첨가)

Vietnamese

Han character

加: Hán Nôm readings: gia[1], chơ[2]

  1. (chiefly in compounds) to increase, to add

References

  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
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