助
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Translingual
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Han character
助 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一大尸 (BMKS), four-corner 74127, composition ⿰且力)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2313
- Dae Jaweon: page 330, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 368, character 8
- Unihan data for U+52A9
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
助 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㫑 𦔳 𧴧 𤋰 𠡎 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 助 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 虘 | *zaːl, *zaː |
| 蔖 | *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ |
| 摣 | *rnaː, *ʔsraː |
| 袓 | *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ |
| 怚 | *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ |
| 罝 | *ʔsjaː |
| 謯 | *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ |
| 姐 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 抯 | *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː |
| 飷 | *ʔsjaːʔ |
| 且 | *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa |
| 趄 | *sʰjaːs, *sʰa |
| 笡 | *sʰjaːs |
| 查 | *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː |
| 柤 | *ʔsraː |
| 樝 | *ʔsraː |
| 皻 | *ʔsraː |
| 渣 | *ʔsraː |
| 楂 | *zraː |
| 苴 | *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa |
| 駔 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ |
| 租 | *ʔsaː |
| 蒩 | *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 祖 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 組 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 珇 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 靻 | *ʔsaːʔ |
| 粗 | *sʰaː, *zaːʔ |
| 徂 | *zaː |
| 殂 | *zaː |
| 麆 | *zaːʔ, *zras |
| 伹 | *zaːʔ, *sʰa |
| 蛆 | *ʔsa, *sʰa |
| 沮 | *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra |
| 咀 | *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ |
| 疽 | *sʰa |
| 雎 | *sʰa |
| 狙 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 岨 | *sʰa |
| 砠 | *sʰa |
| 坥 | *sʰa, *sʰas |
| 刞 | *sʰas |
| 覰 | *sʰas |
| 覷 | *sʰas |
| 跙 | *zaʔ |
| 筯 | *das |
| 菹 | *ʔsra |
| 葅 | *ʔsra |
| 阻 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 俎 | *ʔsraʔ |
| 詛 | *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras |
| 鉏 | *zra, *zraʔ |
| 豠 | *zra |
| 鋤 | *zra |
| 耡 | *zra, *zras |
| 齟 | *zraʔ |
| 助 | *zras |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zras) : phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) + semantic 力 (“strong arm”) – to help with one’s strength.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zu4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cu5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zu3
- Northern Min (KCR): cū
- Eastern Min (BUC): câe̤ / cô
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cou4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
- Wade–Giles: chu4
- Yale: jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zu4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zo6
- Yale: joh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzo6
- Guangdong Romanization: zo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sᵘɔ³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cu5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu
- Hakka Romanization System: cu
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zu3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡su⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cū
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: câe̤ / cô
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ²⁴²/, /t͡sou²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- câe̤ - vernacular;
- cô - literary.
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: cou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰəu̯⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzrjoH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ra-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zras/
Definitions
助
Synonyms
- 佐理 (zuǒlǐ) (literary, with a task)
- 使勁 / 使劲 (shǐjìn)
- 加勢 / 加势 (jiāshì)
- 助力 (zhùlì)
- 助理 (zhùlǐ)
- 助益 (zhùyì) (literary)
- 匡助 (kuāngzhù) (literary)
- 協助 / 协助 (xiézhù)
- 參佐 / 参佐 (cānzuǒ) (literary)
- 增援 (zēngyuán, “to provide reinforcements”)
- 幫 / 帮 (bāng)
- 幫助 / 帮助 (bāngzhù)
- 幫同 / 帮同 (bāngtóng) (literary)
- 幫寸 / 帮寸 (bāngcùn)
- 幫帶 / 帮带 (bāngdài)
- 幫忙 / 帮忙 (bāngmáng)
- 幫手 / 帮手 (bong1 sau2) (Cantonese)
- 幫扶 / 帮扶 (bāngfú)
- 幫襯 / 帮衬 (bāngchèn)
- 幫贈 / 帮赠 (Hokkien)
- 扶
- 扶助 (fúzhù)
- 扶持 (fúchí)
- 扶掖 (fúyè) (formal)
- 拉巴 (dialectal)
- 挺 (tǐng)
- 援助 (yuánzhù)
- 𢯭手 (Hakka)
- 支助 (zhīzhù) (literary)
- 支持 (zhīchí)
- 支援 (zhīyuán)
- 救 (jiù)
- 相幫 / 相帮 (xiāngbāng) (dialectal)
- 相輔 / 相辅 (Teochew)
- 翼 (yì) (literary, or in compounds)
- 聲援 / 声援 (shēngyuán, “to express support for”)
- 臂助 (bìzhù) (literary)
- 補益 / 补益 (bǔyì)
- 補臺 / 补台 (bǔtái) (mainland China)
- 贈力 / 赠力 (Hokkien)
- 贈助 / 赠助 (Hokkien)
- 贊喙 / 赞喙 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
- 贈手 / 赠手 (Hokkien)
- 贊聲 / 赞声 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
- 輔助 / 辅助 (fǔzhù)
- 陪 (péi) (literary, or in compounds)
- 鬥幫贈 / 斗帮赠 (Hokkien)
- 鬥相共 / 斗相共 (Hokkien)
- 鬥跤手 / 斗跤手 (Hokkien)
- 鬥跤搭 / 斗跤搭 (Hokkien)
Antonyms
Compounds
- 互助 (hùzhù)
- 互助合作
- 互助會 / 互助会 (hùzhùhuì)
- 佐助器
- 借助 (jièzhù)
- 內助 / 内助 (nèizhù)
- 公共救助
- 助人 (zhùrén)
- 助人為樂 / 助人为乐 (zhùrénwéilè)
- 助力 (zhùlì)
- 助動詞 / 助动词 (zhùdòngcí)
- 助勢 / 助势
- 助奏
- 助威 (zhùwēi)
- 助學 / 助学 (zhùxué)
- 助學貸款 / 助学贷款 (zhùxué dàikuǎn)
- 助學金 / 助学金 (zhùxuéjīn)
- 助惡 / 助恶 (zhù'è)
- 助我張目 / 助我张目
- 助戰 / 助战 (zhùzhàn)
- 助手 (zhùshǒu)
- 助攻 (zhùgōng)
- 助教 (zhùjiào)
- 助桀為虐 / 助桀为虐
- 助燃
- 助理 (zhùlǐ)
- 助產 / 助产 (zhùchǎn)
- 助產士 / 助产士 (zhùchǎnshì)
- 助產婆 / 助产婆
- 助益 (zhùyì)
- 助紂為虐 / 助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
- 助聽器 / 助听器 (zhùtīngqì)
- 助興 / 助兴 (zhùxìng)
- 助詞 / 助词 (zhùcí)
- 助講 / 助讲
- 助賑 / 助赈
- 助跑 (zhùpǎo)
- 助辯 / 助辩
- 助選 / 助选 (zhùxuǎn)
- 助選員 / 助选员
- 助長 / 助长 (zhùzhǎng)
- 助陣 / 助阵 (zhùzhèn)
- 動態助詞 / 动态助词 (dòngtài zhùcí)
- 匡助 (kuāngzhù)
- 協助 / 协助 (xiézhù)
- 同惡相助 / 同恶相助
- 堯夫助麥 / 尧夫助麦
- 大有助益
- 天助自助 (tiānzhùzìzhù)
- 失業救助 / 失业救助
- 失道寡助 (shīdàoguǎzhù)
- 如有神助
- 孤立無助 / 孤立无助
- 守望相助 (shǒuwàngxiāngzhù)
- 將伯之助 / 将伯之助
- 幫助 / 帮助 (bāngzhù)
- 得道多助 (dédàoduōzhù)
- 愛莫之助 / 爱莫之助
- 愛莫能助 / 爱莫能助 (àimònéngzhù)
- 扶助 (fúzhù)
- 把薪助火
- 拔刀相助 (bádāoxiāngzhù)
- 拔苗助長 / 拔苗助长 (bámiáozhùzhǎng)
- 指南之助
- 按彊助弱 / 按强助弱
- 捐助 (juānzhù)
- 推波助瀾 / 推波助澜 (tuībōzhùlán)
- 援助 (yuánzhù)
- 援助交際 / 援助交际 (yuánzhù jiāojì)
- 揠苗助長 / 揠苗助长 (yàmiáozhùzhǎng)
- 摩旗相助
- 支助 (zhīzhù)
- 救助 (jiùzhù)
- 救助金 (jiùzhùjīn)
- 施助
- 有助 (yǒuzhù)
- 求助 (qiúzhù)
- 江山之助
- 濟助 / 济助
- 無助 / 无助 (wúzhù)
- 特別助理 / 特别助理
- 獎助 / 奖助
- 現金救助 / 现金救助
- 相助 (xiāngzhù)
- 社會救助 / 社会救助
- 祐助
- 線上求助 / 线上求助
- 臂助 (bìzhù)
- 自助 (zìzhù)
- 自助人助
- 自助旅行
- 自助旅遊 / 自助旅游
- 自助餐 (zìzhùcān)
- 藉助 / 借助
- 補助 / 补助 (bǔzhù)
- 補助商業 / 补助商业
- 補助教育 / 补助教育
- 補助翼 / 补助翼 (bǔzhùyì)
- 補助貨幣 / 补助货币
- 補助費 / 补助费
- 補助金 / 补助金 (bǔzhùjīn)
- 襄助 (xiāngzhù)
- 語助詞 / 语助词
- 談助 / 谈助
- 貧民救助 / 贫民救助
- 資助 / 资助 (zīzhù)
- 資怨助禍 / 资怨助祸
- 賢內助 / 贤内助 (xiánnèizhù)
- 贊助 / 赞助 (zànzhù)
- 贊助人 / 赞助人
- 輔助 / 辅助 (fǔzhù)
- 輔助車道 / 辅助车道
- 醫務扶助 / 医务扶助
- 隨緣樂助 / 随缘乐助
- 鼎力相助 (dǐnglìxiāngzhù)
- 齎助 / 赍助
Descendants
- → Thai: ช่วย (chûai)
References
- “助”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00384
Japanese
Kanji
助
Readings
- Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)←じよ (zyo, historical)
- Kan-on: そ (so)
- Kun: たすける (tasukeru, 助ける, Jōyō)、たすかる (tasukaru, 助かる, Jōyō)、すける (sukeru, 助ける)、すけ (suke, 助, Jōyō)、たすく (tasuku, 助く)、すく (suku, 助く)
Noun
Prefix
- help
- assistant
Korean
Hanja
Compounds
- 원조 (援助, wonjo, “aid; assistance; support”)
- 조력 (助力, joryeok, “help; assistance; helping hand”)
Vietnamese
Han character
助: Hán Nôm readings: trợ, rợ, chợ, chữa, đợ
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