勉
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Translingual
| Japanese | 勉 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 勉 |
| Traditional | 勉 |
Alternative forms
Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the bottom left handed stroke ㇓ of 免 is written as two separate components (𫩏+儿).
Han character
勉 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7 in Chinese, 力+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓山大尸 (NUKS), four-corner 24212, composition ⿺免力)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 37
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2384
- Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 372, character 3
- Unihan data for U+52C9
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
勉 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 勉 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – make a strong effort.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): min5
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): miēng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
- Wade–Giles: mien3
- Yale: myǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
- Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: min5
- Yale: míhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: min5
- Guangdong Romanization: min5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miːn¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miên
- Hakka Romanization System: mienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mian1
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯en²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: mienˋ
- Sinological IPA: /mien⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: miēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mieŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- miang2 - Shantou;
- miêng2 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: mjenX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mrʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ/
Definitions
勉
- to endeavor; to make an effort; to strive
- to encourage; to urge
- to force; to do something reluctantly
- † to hurry; quickly
- † Alternative form of 娩 (“to give birth to a child”)
- a surname
Compounds
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 勉 | 
|
| Kyūjitai [1] |
勉 勉or 勉+ ︀?
|
|
| 勉󠄀 勉+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 勉󠄃 勉+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
勉
(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 勉)
Readings
- Go-on: めん (men)
- Kan-on: べん (ben, Jōyō)
- Kun: つとめる (tsutomeru, 勉める)←つとむ (tutomu, 勉む, historical)、はげます (hagemasu, 勉ます)、ひこ (hiko)、やつ (yatsu)
- Nanori: かつ (katsu)、すすむ (susumu)、つとむ (tsutomu)、まさる (masaru)、ます (masu)、やす (yasu)
Compounds
Proper noun
- a male given name
References
- ^ “勉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 勉 (MC mjenX).
Hanja
勉 (eumhun 힘쓸 면 (himsseul myeon))
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
勉: Hán Nôm readings: miễn, mến, mễn, mịn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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