勉

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勉 U+52C9, 勉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C9
← 勈
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勊 →

勉 U+FA33, 勉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA33
← 免
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勤 →

勉 U+2F826, 勉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F826
← 勇
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 勤 →

Translingual

Japanese 勉
Simplified 勉
Traditional 勉

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the bottom left handed stroke ㇓ of 免 is written as two separate components (𫩏+儿).

Han character

勉 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7 in Chinese, 力+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓山大尸 (NUKS), four-corner 24212, composition ⿺免力)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2384
  • Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 372, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52C9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 勉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
免 *mronʔ
娩 *mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns
勉 *mronʔ
俛 *mronʔ
鮸 *mronʔ
冕 *mronʔ
絻 *mronʔ, *moːn, *muns
婏 *m̥ʰos
浼 *muːlʔ
鞔 *moːn
悗 *moːn
嬎 *m̥ʰons
晚 *monʔ
挽 *monʔ
輓 *monʔ, *mons
脕 *monʔ, *mons, *muns
莬 *muns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – make a strong effort.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • miang2 - Shantou;
  • miêng2 - Chaozhou.
    Rime
    Character 勉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 仙 (79)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 亡辨切
    Baxter mjenX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mˠiᴇnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mᵚiɛnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miænX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mianX/
    Li
    Rong         		/mjɛnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭɛnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯ɛnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		miǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		min5
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 勉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		miǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjenX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mrʔ/
    English make an effort

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 勉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9068
    Phonetic
    component         		免
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		免
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mronʔ/

    Definitions

    勉

    1. to endeavor; to make an effort; to strive
    2. to encourage; to urge
    3. to force; to do something reluctantly
    4. † to hurry; quickly
    5. † Alternative form of 娩 (“to give birth to a child”)
    6. a surname

    Compounds

    Japanese

    Shinjitai 勉
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    勉
    &#xFA33;
    or
    勉+&#xFE00;?
    勉󠄀
    勉+&#xE0100;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    勉󠄃
    勉+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

    勉

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 勉)

    1. effort
    2. to study

    Readings

    Compounds

    Proper noun

    勉(つとむ) • (Tsutomu) 

    1. a male given name

    References

    1. ^ “勉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 勉 (MC mjenX).

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    勉 (eumhun 힘쓸 면 (himsseul myeon))

    1. hanja form? of 면 (“strive; make an effort”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    勉: Hán Nôm readings: miễn, mến, mễn, mịn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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