十三

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Chinese

ten three
simp. and trad.
(十三)
alternative forms 拾參拾参 financial
拾弎 financial; obsolete
anagram 三十
Chinese cardinal numbers
 <  12 13 14  > 
    Cardinal : 十三 (shísān)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial () (25) (16)
Final () (141) (143)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter dzyip sam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiɪp̚/ /sɑm/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑip̚/ /sɑm/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjep̚/ /sɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑip̚/ /sam/
Li
Rong
/ʑiəp̚/ /sɑm/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭĕp̚/ /sɑm/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯əp̚/ /sɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí sān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sap6 saam1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí sān
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyip › ‹ sam ›
Old
Chinese
/*t.əp/ /*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)
English ten three

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 11452 10963
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡjub/ /*suːm/

Numeral

十三

  1. thirteen; 13

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十三):
  • Japanese: 十三(じゅうさん) (jūsan)
  • Korean: 십삼(十三) (sipsam)

Proper noun

十三

  1. () Shisan (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  12 13 14  > 
    Cardinal : 十三
Kanji in this term
じゅう
Grade: 1
さん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

Numeral

(じゅう)(さん) (jūsanじふさん (zifusan)?

  1. thirteen; 13
Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular (れい) (rei)
(ゼロ) (zero)
(いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (よん) (yon)
() (shi)
() (go) (ろく) (roku) (なな) (nana)
(しち) (shichi)
(はち) (hachi) (きゅう) (kyū)
() (ku)
(じゅう) ()
Formal (いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (じゅう) ()
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular (きゅう)(じゅう) (kyūjū) (ひゃく) (hyaku)
(いっ)(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)
(さん)(びゃく) (sanbyaku) (ろっ)(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) (はっ)(ぴゃく) (happyaku) (せん) (sen)
(いっ)(せん) (issen)
(さん)(ぜん) (sanzen) (はっ)(せん) (hassen) (いち)(まん) (ichiman) (いち)(おく) (ichioku)
Formal (いち)(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
(いっ)(ちょう) (itchō) (はっ)(ちょう) (hatchō) (じゅっ)(ちょう) (jutchō) (いっ)(けい) (ikkei) (ろっ)(けい) (rokkei) (はっ)(けい) (hakkei) (じゅっ)(けい) (jukkei) (ひゃっ)(けい) (hyakkei)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1

Grade: 1
kun'yomi nanori

Possibly from Ainu to sam (literally lake + side).[1][2]

Not attested until the late 900s in reference to 十三湊 (Tosa Minato, Tosa Harbor), a natural harbor on the western shore of what is now Aomori Prefecture. This harbor is located in historically Ainu territory and became an important trading port in the 900s.

The use of the kanji characters (to, ten, from Old Japanese) and (sa, three, from Chinese; irregular pronunciation, truncation of san) is an example of ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

()() (Tosa

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
じゅう
Grade: 1
ぞう
Grade: 1
on'yomi nanori

Pronunciation

Proper noun

(じゅう)(ぞう) (Jūzō

  1. a male given name

References

  1. ^ よみがえる十三湊(とさみなと)遺跡”, in National Museum of Japanese History, (Can we date this quote?)
  2. ^ John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language), Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.

Korean

Hanja in this term

Numeral

十三 (sipsam) (hangeul 십삼)

  1. hanja form? of 십삼 (thirteen)