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午. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
午, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
午 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
午 you have here. The definition of the word
午 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
午, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
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Stroke order
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Han character
午 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ) or 難人十 (XOJ), four-corner 80400, composition ⿱𠂉十 or ⿰丿干)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2703
- Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 406, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5348
Chinese
Glyph origin
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Old Chinese
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卸
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*sŋjaːs
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汻
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*hŋaːŋʔ
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滸
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*hŋaːʔ
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午
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*ŋaːʔ
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仵
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*ŋaːʔ
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旿
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*ŋaːʔ
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忤
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*ŋaːs
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迕
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*ŋaːs
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杵
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*ŋ̊ʰjaʔ
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籞
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*ŋaʔ
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蘌
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*ŋaʔ
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篽
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*ŋaʔ
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禦
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*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
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許
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*hŋaʔ
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御
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*ŋas
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Pictogram (象形) – a pestle (now written 杵). Unrelated to 干.
Etymology 1
Norman (1985) proposed connection with Austroasiatic; Ferlus (2013) noted a "ood correspondence" between Proto-Vietic *m-ŋəːʔ (whence Vietnamese ngựa) and Old Chinese reconstructions like *m-qʰˁaʔ (Baxter-Sagart) and *ᵀs.ŋaʔ (Ferlus). Also compare Proto-Hlai *hŋaːʔ (“horse”), Proto-Kra *ŋja C (“horse”).
Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposed 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ)'s cognacy with 啎 (OC *ŋaːs) "to meet head on" and 御 (OC *ŋas) "to meet in (battle)" and suggested that "the moon at its full phase opposes the sun directly in the sky, meaning *ŋaaʔ 午 is probably to be glossed, given *-ʔ , ‘facing stage’". Schuessler (2007) regarded 午 (OC ŋâh) "to go against" as a mere graphic variant of 啎 and thus deemed the sense "to go against" distinct from the "earthly branch" sense.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Zhao'an, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an, Yongchun)
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu, Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, dated in Xiamen)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- ngó͘/gó͘ — literary;
- ngō͘ — popular (俗) variant;
- gō͘ — chiefly in 午時.
Note:
- 2u/3hhu - literary;
- 3ngg - vernacular, used in 端午.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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午
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午
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Reading #
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1/2
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2/2
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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wǔ
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wǔ
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Middle Chinese
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‹ nguX ›
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‹ nguX ›
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Old Chinese
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/*.qʰˁaʔ/
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/*m-qʰˁaʔ/
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English
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7th earthly branch
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resist; cross-wise
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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午
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Reading #
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1/1
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No.
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13169
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Phonetic component
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午
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Rime group
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魚
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Rime subdivision
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0
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Corresponding MC rime
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五
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Old Chinese
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/*ŋaːʔ/
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Definitions
午
- the seventh of twelve earthly branches:
- (historical or astrology) the seventh year of the Jovian orbital cycle
- (archaic) the fifth month of the Chinese traditional calendar
- (historical or archaic) the "Chinese" or "double hour" from 11 am to 1 pm
- noon (precisely)
Coordinate terms
- (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)
Hypernyms
- (as an earthly branch): 地支 (dìzhī)
- (as precisely noon): 小時/小时 (xiǎoshí), 時候/时候 (shíhou)
Compounds
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 午 – see 舞 (“to dance; dance; dancing; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 舞). |
Notes: |
References
Japanese
Kanji
午
(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
- noon
Readings
Etymology 1
From 馬 (uma, “horse”).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
午 • (Uma)
- the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
- Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
- Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 午 (nguX).
Proper noun
午 • (Go)
- the Horse, the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches
- Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
- Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 午 (MC nguX).
Historical Readings
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading
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Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 |
ᅌᅩᆼ〯 (Yale: ngwǒ)
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource
午 (eumhun 낮 오 (nat o))
- hanja form? of 오 (“noon; daytime”)
Compounds
Compounds
- 오후 (午後, ohu, “afternoon”)
- 오전 (午前, ojeon, “morning; a.m.”)
- 단오 (端午, dano)
- 오찬 (午餐, ochan)
- 정오 (正午, jeong'o, “noon”)
- 하오 (下午, hao)
- 갑오 (甲午, gabo)
- 오수 (午睡, osu)
- 오시 (午時, osi)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
午: Hán Nôm readings: ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ
- chữ Hán form of Ngọ (“seventh of the twelve earthly branches”).
- Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
- Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥
Compounds