協

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See also: 协
協 U+5354, 協
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5354
← 卓
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 单 →
㈿ U+323F, ㈿
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ALLIANCE
← ㈾
 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉀ →

Translingual

Han character

協 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十大尸尸 (JKSS), four-corner 44027, composition ⿰十劦)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 64, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5354

Chinese

trad. 協
simp. 协
alternative forms 恊
旪
叶
㶸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 協
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (劦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
栛 *reːbs
珕 *reːbs, *rebs
荔 *reːbs, *rebs
脅 *hlams, *hlab
姭 *hlams
搚 *raːb, *raːb
拹 *hlab
愶 *hlab
嗋 *hlab
熁 *hlab
協 *ɦleːb
勰 *ɦleːb
劦 *ɦleːb
叶 *ɦleːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦleːb) : semantic 十 (“many”) + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb, “to collaborate”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hiab8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • hiêb8 - Chaozhou;
  • hiag8 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 協
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕie⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiə⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕiɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xining /ɕi²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕie¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕiə⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕie²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕie³¹/
Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕieʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiaʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕieʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ɕia⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ɕie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɕie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /hiap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /hiɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hip̚³/
Nanning /hip̚³³/
Hong Kong /hip̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hiap̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiap̚³/
Rime
Character 協
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 怗 (158)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 胡頰切
Baxter hep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦep̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦep̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɛp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɛp̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣep̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣiep̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣiep̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jip6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 協
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xié
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hep ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁep/
English in harmony

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 協
Reading # 1/1
No. 13788
Phonetic
component 		劦
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		協
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦleːb/
Notes 劦轉註

Definitions

協

  1. to cooperate; to work together; to collaborate
  2. to assist; to help
  3. harmonious; in amity with
  4. united; joint; common

Compounds

References

  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “协”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 261.

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji

協

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. collaboration

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

協 (eum 협 (hyeop))

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Vietnamese

Han character

協: Hán Nôm readings: hiệp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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