叱

叱 U+53F1, 叱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F1 ← 台 CJK Unified Ideographs 史 →

叱 U+2F83A, 叱 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83A ← 叫 CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 吆 →

Note that the right side component of this character (U+53F1) is written 𠤎 and not 匕. In Japan, as of the latest 2010 reform the correct form of the character is 𠮟 (U+20B9F) with 七 as the right side component.

叱 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口心 (RP), four-corner 6401₀, composition ⿰口𠤎)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3248
• Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 572, character 6
• Unihan data for U+53F1

• Unihan data for U+2F83A

Historical forms of the character 叱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid).

叱

1. to scold; to shout at; to bawl out

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to open the mouth

• On (unclassified): か (ka)

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. scold
2. shout
3. reprove

• (prescriptively correct) 𠮟
  • This usage of 叱 was officially replaced in the 2010 jōyō reform in favor of the etymologically faithful 𠮟 (U+20B9F, restoring 七 as the phonetic component). 叱 remains in common usage.

• Go-on: しち (shichi)
• Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: しかる (shikaru, 叱る, Jōyō)、しっ (shi', 叱)

• 叱(しか)る (shikaru): to scold
• 叱(しか)り飛(と)ばす (shikaritobasu): to scold away

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key):

叱(しっ) • (shi') 

1. shh
2. shoo

叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil))

1. hanja form^? of 질 (“scold”)

• 질타 (叱咤, jilta, “rebuke”)

Conventionally reconstructed as *-s, after the Middle Korean reflexes.

Generally thought to be from an otherwise unattested Old Chinese dialectal pronunciation of the character that began with *s-.

Minority views include that it is a graphic simplification of a different Chinese character, or that it is a gukja invented in Korea with 𠤎 representing the shape of the tongue while pronouncing /s/ and 口 being a radical that denotes a non-standard character.

叱 (*-s)

1. A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-s

• 之 (logographic form, in Idu texts)

叱 (*-s)

1. Genitive case marker, chiefly for inanimate nouns.

In Middle Korean, the genitive case marker ㅅ (Yale: -s) was used for both inanimate nouns and honored animate nouns, while the other genitive marker 의〮 (Yale: -úy) was reserved for non-honored animate nouns.

In the limited Old Korean corpus, 叱 (*-s) appears to be used chiefly for inanimate nouns. Meanwhile, many texts use the genitive 尸 (*-lq), with no evident Middle Korean reflex, for honored nouns such as the Buddha. There is a strong argument that 尸 (*-lq) is an allomorphic variant of 叱 (*-s), representing a phenomenon ancestral to the tensing of the subsequent obstruent that occurred in Middle Korean when ㅅ (-s) occurred between a sonorant and an obstruent. If true, there was no distinction between Old and Middle Korean in the use of the genitive -s.

Unlike the other Old Korean genitive marker 衣 (*-uy), 叱 (*-s) could follow other case markers.

• Middle Korean: ㅅ (-s, genitive case marker for inanimate or honored animate nouns)
  • Korean: ㅅ (-s-, interfix)

• 衣 (*-uy) (genitive case marker, often for animate nouns)
• 尸 (*-lq) (genitive case marker, chiefly for honored animate nouns; possibly an allomorph of 叱)

• 조은주 (Jo Eun-ju) (2002) “석독구결 자료에 나타난 속격조사에 대하여”, in Gungmunhak Nonjip, volume 18, pages 61–90
• 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011) “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
• Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

叱: Hán Nôm readings: sất, sứt, sớt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.