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U+5408, 合
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5408

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 30, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人一口 (OMR), four-corner 80601, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3287
  • Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 581, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5408

Chinese

Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : + (mouth) : Two mouths speaking together. See also .

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gap ~ kap. Compare (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “to cover”) and (OC *ɡaːb, “to unite”) (STEDT). Outside of Sinitic, possibly cognate with Burmese ကပ် (kap, to approach).

Pronunciation


Note: gap4 - in 三合 (“Sanhe, Taishan”).
Note:
  • ha̍p - literary (“to close; to join; to add up to; classifier for matching sets”);
  • ha̍h/a̍h - vernacular (“to suit; to get along well”).
Note:
  • hab8 - alternative pronunciation for "to close";
  • gah4 - "to fit", etc..
Note:
  • hheq (T5) - regular pronunciation for "together", etc;
  • keq (T4) - alternative pronunciation in certain words like 合算.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (33)
    Final () (160)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter hop
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦʌp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦəp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣɒp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦəp̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣᴀp̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣɒp̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /ɣăp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hap6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hop ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*m-kˁop/
    English come together; bring together

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 4970
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡuːb/

    Definitions

    1. to close; to shut
        ―  shàng  ―  close
    2. to join; to combine; to unite; to bring together
        ―    ―  to assemble
        ―    ―  to gather, to assemble
    3. to suit; to fit
        ―  shì  ―  to fit, to suit
        ―  shì  ―  suitable, fitting
      紅酒红酒  ―  Yú hé hóngjiǔ bù.  ―  Fish and red wine don't go well together.
      沒有尺寸帽子 [MSC, trad.]
      没有尺寸帽子 [MSC, simp.]
      Nà ge diàn lǐ méiyǒu wǒ chǐcùn de màozǐ.
      There are no hats in that store that fit me.
    4. to have sexual intercourse
    5. to fight, to have a confrontation with
    6. to add up to; to be equivalent to; to amount to
      公頃十五市畝 [MSC, trad.]
      公顷十五市亩 [MSC, simp.]
      Yī gōngqǐng shíwǔ shìmǔ.
      A hectare is equivalent to 15 mu.
    7. spouse
    8. whole; entire
    9. together
      卡片我們全家母親節快樂 [MSC, trad.]
      卡片我们全家母亲节快乐 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè zhāng kǎpiàn shì wǒmen quánjiā sòng de. Zhù nín mǔqīnjié kuàilè.
      This card comes from the whole family. Happy Mother's Day.
    10. Alternative form of (, box)
    11. (games, battle) round
    12. (astronomy) conjunction
    13. (Hokkien) to get along well
    14. (Chinese phonetics) Short for 合口 (hékǒu, “closed-mouthed”).
    15. (Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for matching sets of instruments such as teaware.
    16. Classifier for number of fights.
    17. to compound; to make up (medicine, etc.)
    18. a surname

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Vietnamese: hợp ()

    Etymology 2

    simp. and trad.

    Pronunciation


    Note: literary reading.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (160)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter kop
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʌp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kəp̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kɒp̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kəp̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /kᴀp̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /kɒp̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /kăp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    ge
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gap3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kop ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kˁop/
    English together; put together; combined

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 4955
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kuːb/

    Definitions

    1. unit of volume, equal to one tenth of a (shēng)
      1. (Han dynasty) equal to 2 (yuè)

    Etymology 3

    simp. and trad.

    Pronunciation


    Definitions

    1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note low sol (5̣).
    2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low sol (5̣).

    Compounds

    Derived terms

    Etymology 4

    simp. and trad.

    Pronunciation


    Note:
    • kap - literary;
    • kah - vernacular.

    Definitions

    1. (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of (and; with)

    Etymology 5

    simp. and trad.
    alternative forms

    Pronunciation


    Note: gab4 - "to combine" (e.g. 合藥).

    Definitions

    1. (Hokkien, Teochew) to wrap a book (with paper, etc.)
    2. (Hokkien, traditional Chinese medicine) to have a traditional Chinese medicine prescription filled (of the patient)
    3. (Mainland China Hokkien) to embrace in one's bosom
    4. (Mainland China Hokkien, figurative) to watch over; to look after; to take care of (a child, etc.)
    5. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to match; to go with
    6. (Teochew) to concoct (to make medicine, etc.)
    7. (Teochew) to form a partnership
    8. (Teochew) to bind (into a book)
    Compounds

    Etymology 5

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to close, to shut; all of, whole of”).
    (This character is the simplified form of ).
    Notes:

    Etymology 6

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“box; case”).
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of ).
    Notes:

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. fit
    2. suit
    3. join
    4. one tenth

    Readings

    From Middle Chinese (MC hop); compare Mandarin (hé, gě):

    From Middle Chinese (MC kop); compare Mandarin ():

    From native Japanese roots:

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    ごう
    Grade: 2
    on'yomi

    Counter

    (ごう) (-gōがふ (-gafu)?

    1. covered containers
    2. battles

    Noun

    (ごう) (がふ (gafu)?

    1. 0.18039 liters, equaling ten shaku or a tenth of a shō
    2. a tenth of the distance from the base to the summit of a mountain
    See also

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    あ(い)
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    あい
    mutual, together, each other, meeting
    Short for 合い服 (あいふく, aifuku, clothing worn in spring or autumn).
    Alternative spelling
    合い
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 합할 (haphal hap))

    1. hanja form? of (to unite)

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Việt readings: hợp[1][2][3][4][5], hiệp[3][4][5], hạp[6][3], cáp[3][4]
    : Nôm readings: hợp[1][2][6], họp[1][2][6], hiệp[1][2], hạp[6], cáp[1], cóp[6], gộp[6], sáp[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of hợp (to unite, suitable).
    2. chữ Hán form of hiệp (unite).
    3. chữ Hán form of hạp (to unite, suitable (rare spelling of hợp)).
    4. Nôm form of sáp (flexible material used to store cosmetics).

    References