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See also: 𠮷, , , , , , and
U+5409, 吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 30, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土口 (GR), four-corner 40601, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠮷

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) derived from a ritual axe and an open mouth , perhaps with a reference to rituals to obtain the gratitude of the ancestors and deities.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kjit (happy; pleased) (STEDT). Also compare Tibetan སྐྱིད་པ (skyid pa, to be happy) and Burmese ချစ် (hkyac, to love, to be pleased) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance of (hung1), which is homophonous to (hung1, inauspicious).

The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance of (gào, “to sue”), which is a typo form of it.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
/t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kit̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kit̚/
Li
Rong
/kiĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ki̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gat1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjit ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qi/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
English auspicious

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5692
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klid/
Notes

Definitions

  1. auspicious; lucky
    Antonym: (xiōng)
      ―    ―  auspicious; lucky
  2. good
  3. (Cantonese, euphemistic) empty
    橫掂喺度不如 [Cantonese, trad.]
    横掂喺度不如 [Cantonese, simp.]
    waang4 dim6 jau5 gaan1 fong4-2 gat1 zo2 hai2 dou6, bat1 jyu4 zou1 bei2 jan4 zyu6 aa1.
    Since there's an empty room, why don't we rent it out?
    [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gat1 gyun2   ―  Hand out an unanswered (empty) exam paper
    [Cantonese]  ―  gat1 uk1   ―  unoccupied house
    [Cantonese]  ―  gat1 pou3   ―  vacant shop
    請問係咪 [Cantonese, trad.]
    请问系咪 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ceng2 man6 ne1 go3 wai6 hai6 mai6 gat1 gaa3?
    Is anyone sitting here?
  4. (Cantonese, euphemistic) emptiness; nothingness
    勞碌一生 [Cantonese, trad.]
    劳碌一生 [Cantonese, simp.]
    lou4 luk1 jat1 sang1 dak1 go3 gat1
    A lifetime of labor amounts to nothing
  5. (Taiwan, Internet slang) to accuse; to sue; to file a lawsuit; to press charges
    一定一定  ―  zhè wǒ yīdìng   ―  I will definitely sue for this
  6. Used in transcription.
      ―  lín  ―  Jilin (from Manchu gilin)
      ―  'ěr  ―  Kyrgyzstan
    布地  ―  bùdì  ―  Djibouti
    隆坡  ―  lóngpō  ―  Kuala Lumpur
    爾福德尔福德  ―  'ěrfúdé  ―  Guildford
    姆布馬伊姆布马伊  ―  Mǔbù Mǎyī  ―  Mbuji-Mayi
    1. Short for 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin Province”).
  7. a surname
  8. () Ji County (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)

Synonyms

Descendants

  • English: Ji

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: きち (kichi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: きつ (kitsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: よい (yoi, 吉い)よし (yoshi, 吉し)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
きち
Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative forms

  • (きつ) (kitsu)

Noun

(きち) (kichi

  1. good luck

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
きつ
Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

(きつ) (kitsu

  1. Alternative form of (kichi, good luck)

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 길할 (gilhal gil))

  1. hanja form? of (luck)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
: Nôm readings: kiết[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of cát (auspicious, lucky).

References